Phyto-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fucoidan isolated from Spatoglossum asperum and assessment of antibacterial activities

Unveiling the potentials of biocompatible silver nanoparticles on human lung carcinoma A549 cells and Helicobacter pylori

“…2e confirmed the natural formation, crystallinity, and purity of Tv-AgNPs in accordance with Bragg reflection of (111), (220), (200), (311). Compared to Joint committee on powder diffraction standards (JCPDS-89–3722), the results are similar to the earlier reports of XRD patterns of silver nanoparticles 42,43 . The EDS and XRD results confirmed the successful synthesis of the silver nanoparticles using the bark extract of T. vernicifluum .…”

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: biomolecule-nanoparticle organizations targeting antimicrobial activity

“…[169][170][171][172] As a result of the increased membrane permeability and disruption of the cell wall, the cellular content including proteins, enzymes, DNA, ions, metabolites and energy reservoir also leaks into the environment. 48,137,142,169,173 Therefore, disintegration of the cell wall by the nanoparticle adhesion is assumed to be primary mechanism of the antimicrobial action. 174,175 In addition, AgNPs have been shown to cause irregular pit formations on the cell wall, which allowing the nanoparticles enter the periplasmic space and nally inside the cell 176 (Fig.…”

“…The literature revealed that nanoparticle challenge triggers the cellular oxidative stress. 48,200,201 In order to overcome this stress, cells exhibit protective responses which include enzymatic or nonenzymatic defence mechanisms. [201][202][203] When the oxidative stress overcomes the defence mechanisms, the cell wall and biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and DNA are subjected to damage caused by ROS and free radicals such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radical ($OH), superoxide anion (O 2 À ) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ).…”

A review on the biosynthesis of metal and metal salt nanoparticles by microbes

“…175 As a result of the disruption of the cell structure, the cellular components including enzymes, proteins, DNA, metabolites start leaking into the environment. [175][176][177] Therefore, this degeneration of the cell wall by the nanoparticle attachment is believed to be rst mechanism of the antimicrobial action. 178 Moreover, nanoparticles have been reported to cause irregular pit formations on the cell wall, which further help the nanoparticles to enter into the periplasmic space and nally inside the cell.…”