Phytase activity along the digestive tract of the broiler chick: A comparative study of an <i>Escherichia coli</i>-derived and <i>Peniophora lycii</i> phytase

Onyango, E. M.; Bedford, M. R.; Adeola, O.

doi:10.4141/a04-067

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On the other hand, feed reaches the stomach relatively soon after it is consumed in pigs, the relatively short transit time may not allow enough time for xylanase to sufficiently hydrolyze its substrate prior to reaching the acidic stomach where it probably loses some of its activity. The susceptibility of phytase to proteolytic enzymes has been observed by Simon and Igbasan (2002) and Onyango et al (2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylanase in diets for growing pigs and broiler chicks

Olukosi¹,

Bedford²,

Adeola³

2007

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Olukosi, O. A., Bedford, M. R. and Adeola, O. 2007. Xylanase in diets for growing pigs and broiler chicks. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 227-235. The results of experiments designed to determine the effects of feeding graded levels of xylanase to 10-kg pigs (exp. 1) and 1-d old broiler chicks (exp. 2) are presented. Pigs received diet composed of corn, rye, wheat, and SBM for 28 d, whereas chickens were fed diet composed of rye, wheat, and SBM for 21 d. Six dietary treatments consisting of a control diet or control plus xylanase (in units kg -1 ) at 400, 800, 1600, 3200 or 32 000 were fed. Graded levels of xylanase had no effect on growth performance of 10-kg pigs. There were diet and age effects (P < 0.05) on digestibility of DM, CP, and Ca in pigs. Linear and quadratic responses (P < 0.05) in final weight, weight gain, and gain:feed of broiler chicks to graded levels of xylanase were observed in exp. 2. In exp. 2, the effect of xylanase became apparent (P < 0.05) at 800 U kg -1 ; there were no differences in response to xylanase at 3200 and 32 000 U kg -1 . In conclusion, xylanase improved growth performance in 1-d-old broilers fed a diet composed of rye, wheat, and SBM but not in 10-kg pigs that received a diet composed of corn, rye, wheat, and SBM. . La ration des porcs se composait de maïs, de seigle, de blé et de tourteau de soja. Elle leur a été servie pendant 21 jours sous forme de six régimes constitués de la ration témoin ou de cette ration enrichie de 400, 800, 1 600, 3 200 ou 32 000 unités de xylanase par kilo. La dose de xylanase n'a eu aucun effet sur la croissance des porcs de 10 kg. Les auteurs ont néanmoins noté que le régime et l'âge avaient une incidence (P < 0,05) sur la digestibilité de la matière sèche, des protéines brutes et du Ca. Lors de la deuxième expérience, ils ont remarqué que la dose de xylanase entraîne des réactions linéaire et quadratique (P < 0,05) sur le poids final, le gain de poids et le ratio gain:ingestion des poussins de chair. Dans la deuxième expérience, l'effet de la xylanase devient apparent (P < 0,05) à partir de 800 unités par kilo; la réaction à la xylanase est identique à 3 200 et à 32 000 unités par kilo. En conclusion, la xylanase améliore la croissance des poussins d'un jour recevant une ration de seigle, de blé et de tourteau de soja mais pas celle des porcs nourris de maïs, de seigle, de blé et de tourteau de soja. Mots clés: Pussins de chair, polysaccharides non amylacés, porcs, xylanaseFeedstuffs of plant origin that are used in livestock feeding invariably contain some undigestible portion. For instance, rye contains 170 g fiber per kilogram of dry matter, more than 90% of which is indigestible, and arabinoxylans make up 76 g kg -1 of the total fiber content (Vinkx and Delcour 1996). Bach-Knudsen (1997) reported the levels of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) in rye and wheat as 152 and 119 g kg -1 , respectively. Arabinoxylans, the major NSP in wheat endosperm, has water absorption characteristics with a tendency toward gel formation and increased viscosity. Gel...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylanase in diets for growing pigs and broiler chicks

Olukosi¹,

Bedford²,

Adeola³

2007

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…On the other hand, Onyango et al (2005) reported that phytase supplementation of a low-phosphorus diet restored broiler growth rate, but ash content remained low. In addition, Walk et al (2011), evaluating different of phytase, xylanase and protease combinations in broiler diets with reduced available phosphorus and calcium levels, found effect of enzyme supplementations on the ash content.…”

Section: Enzyme Supplementation Of Broiler Feeds With Reduced Mineralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Supplementation of Broiler Feeds with Reduced Mineral and Energy Levels

Nunes

Abreu

Brito

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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An experiment was conducted with the purpose of evaluating enzyme blends on the performance, carcass traits, and bone mineralization of broilers. In total, 928 one-day-old Cobb 500 male chicks of were used. A completely randomized design with four treatments with eight replicates of 29 birds each was adopted. The evaluated treatments were: 1-Positive Control (PC), feed containing the nutritional recommendations of the genetic company's manual; 2-Negative Control (NC), feed with reductions of 75 kcal/kg AME and 0.10 and 0.12 percent points of phosphorus and calcium, respectively; 3 -NC + enzyme blend (amylase + β-glucanase, xylanase, and phytase; 250 g/t of feed) and 4 -NC + enzyme complex (phytase, amylase, xylanase, glucanase, pectinase, cellulase, and protease; 200 g/t of feed). Birds fed the diet with reduced nutrient levels (NC) presented the worst performance (p<0.05). The supplementation of the enzyme blend promoted similar (p<0.05) weight gain and feed conversion ratio as those obtained with the PC diet during the period of 1-21 days of age. During the phase of 22-42 days and the entire experimental period, weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved with the use of the enzyme combinations compared with the NC group, but remained lower than the PC group. Enzymes combinations did not affect (p>0.05) carcass or parts yields. The broilers fed the reduced-nutrient and energy diet presented lower (p<0.05) tibial ash, calcium, and phosphorus contents that the other treatments. The use of enzyme combinations improved the performance of broilers fed diets with reduced nutrient and energy levels.

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“…The acids and ethanol are central metabolic intermediates and excellent substrates for the host and, provided that they are readily taken up from the digestive tract, cellular dehydrogenases convert them into intermediates that enter the citric acid cycle and subsequent ATP-producing electron In a crop with lower pH as a result of fermentation, conditions are optimised for some enzymes, both endogenous and exogenous (Zeller et al, 2016). In particular, it is well established that phytate hydrolysis in the crop can be extensive (Lan et al, 2010;Onyango et al, 2005;Svihus et al, 2010;Zeller et al, 2015;. Increased crop hydrolysis does not necessarily lead to differences in terminal ileum phytate disappearance (Zeller et al, 2015).…”

Section: Potential Effects On Bird Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the crop in poultry production

Classen

Apajalahti

Svihus

et al. 2016

World's Poultry Science Journal

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The importance of the crop is often underestimated in poultry production. In addition to storing ingested feed, it also can impact nutrient digestion by digesta softening and the initial activity of feed (endogenous and exogenous) and microbial enzymes. The crop represents the first major defence against poultry pathogens and zoonotic organisms with well established adaptive and innate immune function, and a lactobacilli dominated microbiota capable of reducing the passage of these organisms further along the digestive tract. However, the potential to improve bird productivity and health, as well as affect meat and egg safety, are influenced by the nature of the diet, and in particular feed entry and extended presence in the crop. This is required to promote lactobacilli fermentation, the production of lactic acid and other volatile fatty acids, and the lowering of crop pH. Management practices such as meal feeding and the use of lighting programs with extended dark periods encourage crop utilisation. Further, the use of feed additives such as prebiotics and probiotics may enhance crop function, which in turn contributes to well-being of the entire digestive tract. A healthy and functional crop, along with other segments of digestive tract, has increased importance in an era of reduced antibiotic use in poultry feeds.

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Phytase activity along the digestive tract of the broiler chick: A comparative study of an Escherichia coli-derived and Peniophora lycii phytase

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Xylanase in diets for growing pigs and broiler chicks

Xylanase in diets for growing pigs and broiler chicks

Enzyme Supplementation of Broiler Feeds with Reduced Mineral and Energy Levels

The role of the crop in poultry production

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