Xylanase in diets for growing pigs and broiler chicks

Olukosi, Oluyinka A.; Bedford, M. R.; Adeola, O.

doi:10.4141/cjas06005

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…These parameters may contribute to the great variability in poultry performance responses described in the literature. Finally, performance parameters are also likely to depend on the enzyme incorporation rate in the diet (Olukosi et al 2007), and consequently on the enzymatic activity of the xylanase. In this study, enzyme activities were quite different according to the concentrations recommended by the manufacturer (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the bacterial or fungal origin of exogenous xylanases supplemented to a wheat-based diet on performance of broiler chickens and nutrient digestibility of the diet

Vandeplas¹,

Dauphin²,

Thonart³

et al. 2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Two identical experiments were carried out to study the effects of four xylanases from bacterial or fungal origin supplemented to a wheat-based diet, on growth performance of broiler chickens and nutrient digestibilities. Experimental treatments consisted of a control basal diet containing 600 g kg-1 wheat (C), and the basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g kg-1 Grindazyme G from Aspergillus niger (G), 0.1 g kg-1 Belfeed B1100MP from Bacillus subtilis (B), 0.1 g kg-1 Roxazyme G from Trichoderma viride (R), or 0.0125 g kg-1 of a xylanase from Aspergillus aculeatus (A). Each experimental diet was given to four groups of six chickens each. Growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly, from 7 to 21 d of age. In the second experiment, a digestion balance trial was performed from 27 to 31 d of age to evaluate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and the digestibilities of nitrogen, crude fat, starch and crude fibre. From 7 to 21 d of age, xylanase supplementation led to increased final body weight and daily weight gain, by 3.7 and 4.5 % (P < 0.05), respectively, without significant difference according to the xylanase origin. Xylanase supplementation significantly increased the AMEn (+2.6 %), and the digestibilities of crude fibre (+58.9 %) and nitrogen (+1.6 %). Increase in AMEn as well as in crude fat and starch digestibilities were significantly different according to the xylanase, but were not dependent on fungal or bacterial origin. In conclusion, the microbial origin of xylanases supplemented to wheat-based diets influenced neither the performance of broiler chickens nor the improvement in nutrient digestibilities.Key words: Broiler, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, wheat, xylanase

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the bacterial or fungal origin of exogenous xylanases supplemented to a wheat-based diet on performance of broiler chickens and nutrient digestibility of the diet

Vandeplas¹,

Dauphin²,

Thonart³

et al. 2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Differences in response to performance in these studies could be attributed to differences in the type and quantity of cereal grains used, the age of the animal, the extent of deficiency of Table 1. 2000Olukosi et al. 2004Emiola et al, 2009He et al, 2010Mavromichalis et al, 2001) Mavromichalis et al.…”

Section: Carbohydrases and Growth Performance In Swinementioning

confidence: 99%

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: Opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production

Adeola

Cowieson

2011

Journal of Animal Science

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564

434

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Diets fed to nonruminant animals are composed mainly of feed ingredients of plant origin. A variety of antinutritional factors such as phytin, nonstarch polysaccharides, and protease inhibitors may be present in these feed ingredients, which could limit nutrients that may be utilized by animals fed such diets. The primary nutrient utilization-limiting effect of phytin arises from the binding of 6 phosphate groups, thus making the P unavailable to the animal. The negative charges allow for formation of insoluble phytin-metal complexes with many divalent cations. Furthermore, phytin and protein can form binary complexes through electrostatic links of its charged phosphate groups with either the free amino group on AA on proteins or via formation of ternary complexes of phytin, Ca(2+), and protein. The form and extent of de novo formation of binary and ternary complexes of phytin and protein are likely to be important variables that influence the effectiveness of nutrient hydrolysis in plant-based diets. Nonstarch polysacharides reduce effective energy and nutrient utilization by nonruminant animals because of a lack of the enzymes needed for breaking down the complex cell wall structure that encapsulate other nutrients. Enzymes are used in nonruminant animal production to promote growth and efficiency of nutrient utilization and reduce nutrient excretion. The enzymes used include those that target phytin and nonstarch polysaccharides. Phytase improves growth and enhances P utilization, but positive effects on other nutrients are not always observed. Nonstarch polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes are less consistent in their effects on growth and nutrient utilization, although they show promise and it is imperative to closely match both types and amounts of nonstarch polysaccharides with appropriate enzyme for beneficial effects. When used together with phytase, nonstarch polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes may increase the accessibility of phytase to phytin encapsulated in cell walls. The future of enzymes in nonruminant animal production is promising and will likely include an understanding of the role of enzyme supplementation in promoting health as well as how enzymes may modulate gene functions. This review is an attempt to summarize current thinking in this area, provide some clarity in nomenclature and mechanisms, and suggest opportunities for expanded exploitation of this unique biotechnology.

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“…Exogenous enzymes act by complementing the endogenous supply of the enzyme or by providing the enzymes that the animal is not able to produce by itself. Carbohydrases such as xylanase and amylase target specific fiber and starch portions of plant feedstuffs and have been reported to improve energy utilization and performance in an age-and ingredient-related manner in broiler chickens and pigs (Olukosi et al, 2007a(Olukosi et al, ,b, 2008. Given that CDG contains mostly protein and fiber, it is important for diet formulation purposes to assess energy utilization response to carbohydrase supplementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contribution of exogenous dietary carbohydrases to the metabolizable energy value of corn distillers grains for broiler chickens

et al. 2010

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The objectives of this study were to determine the ileal digestible energy (IDE), ME, and ME(n) contents of corn distillers grains (CDG) for broiler chickens and to quantify these energy utilization responses to carbohydrase supplementation by the regression method. The CDG sample used in the current experiment contained (by analysis) 936 g/kg of DM, 4,894 kcal/kg of gross energy, 315.1 g/kg of CP, 94.6 g/kg of crude fat, 94.8 g/kg of crude fiber, 495.6 g/kg of neutral detergent fiber, 179.1 g/kg of acid detergent fiber, 0.19 g/kg of Ca, and 4.8 g/kg of P. The studies were conducted at 2 locations (Purdue or Louisiana State University) and CDG were incorporated into a practical corn-soybean meal diet at 3 levels (0, 300, or 600 g/kg) without or with added carbohydrase in a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. The carbohydrase premix was added to supply 2,000 U of xylanase + 1,800 U of amylase/kg of feed. The diets were fed to 288 broiler chickens from d 15 to 22 posthatch with 6 birds per cage and 8 replicate cages per diet in a randomized complete block design at each of 2 locations. The broiler chicks were fed a standard broiler starter diet from d 1 to 15 posthatch. The IDE of diets decreased both linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.05) as CDG increased from 0 to 600 g/kg regardless of carbohydrase supplementation. There was a linear (P < 0.01) decrease in ME of diet from 3,239 to 2,510 kcal/kg as CDG increased from 0 to 600 g/kg in the diets without added carbohydrase, whereas for birds fed the carbohydrase-supplemented diets, there were both linear (P < 0.01) and quadratic (P < 0.01) decreases from 3,398 to 2,613 kcal/kg as CDG increased from 0 to 600 g/kg. Dietary ME(n) linearly decreased (P < 0.01) regardless of carbohydrase supplementation as CDG increased from 0 to 600 g/kg. Supplementation with carbohydrase improved (P < 0.01) IDE, ME, and ME(n). Regressions of CDG-associated IDE, ME, or ME(n) intake in kilocalories against kilograms of CDG intake without added carbohydrase generated the following: IDE = 44 + 2,340X, r(2) = 0.953; ME = 10 + 2,315X, r(2) = 0.993; and ME(n) = 10 + 2,132X, r(2) = 0.991. Corresponding regressions when carbohydrase was added were as follows: IDE = -17 + 2,622X, r(2) = 0.985; ME = -25 + 2,448X, r(2) = 0.979; and ME(n) = -22 + 2,264X, r(2) = 0.978. These data indicate that the respective IDE, ME, and ME(n) values (kcal/kg of DM) of the CDG sample evaluated were 2,340, 2,315, and 2,132 when carbohydrase was not added and 2,622, 2,448, and 2,264 when carbohydrase was added. Comparison using ANOVA procedures indicated that the slope when carbohydrase was added was greater (P < 0.05) than when carbohydrase was not added. This response implies that carbohydrase supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the IDE, ME, and ME(n) of CDG in practical corn-soybean meal-based diets used in this current study by 12, 5.7, and 6.2%, respectively.

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Xylanase in diets for growing pigs and broiler chicks

Cited by 40 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of the bacterial or fungal origin of exogenous xylanases supplemented to a wheat-based diet on performance of broiler chickens and nutrient digestibility of the diet

Effect of the bacterial or fungal origin of exogenous xylanases supplemented to a wheat-based diet on performance of broiler chickens and nutrient digestibility of the diet

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: Opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production

Contribution of exogenous dietary carbohydrases to the metabolizable energy value of corn distillers grains for broiler chickens

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