Physiology of Two Species of Deep-Water Crabs, Chaceon Fenneri and C. Quinquedens: Gill Morphology, and Hemolymph Ionic and Nitrogen Concentrations

Henry, Raymond P.; Perry, Harriet M.; Trigg, Christine; Handley, Holley L.; Krarup, Annette

doi:10.2307/1548327

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We therefore weigh any potential depth-related changes in physiological function against the following observations regarding Chionoecetes tanneri held at surface pressure: (1) once acclimated to the laboratory, survival is extremely high, with crabs surviving >18 mo (cf. Henry et al 1990); (2) crabs molt in the laboratory; and (3) once acclimated, post-branchial hemolymph pH of resting crabs consistently falls within a tight range (7.9 to 8.1) consistent with alphastat regulation in aquatic animals held at 3°C (Cameron 1986). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Pane¹,

Barry²

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

171

137

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Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide could be curbed by large-scale sequestration of CO 2 in the deep sea. Such a solution requires prior assessment of the impact of hypercapnic, acidic seawater on deep-sea fauna. Laboratory studies were conducted to assess the short-term hypercapnic tolerance of the deep-sea Tanner crab Chionoecetes tanneri, collected from 1000 m depth in Monterey Canyon off the coast of central California, USA. Hemolymph acidbase parameters were monitored over 24 h of exposure to seawater equilibrated with ~1% CO 2 (seawater P CO 2 6 torr or 0.8 kPa, pH 7.1), and compared with those of the shallow-living Dungeness crab Cancer magister. Short-term hypercapnia-induced acidosis in the hemolymph of Chionoecetes tanneri was almost uncompensated, with a net 24 h pH reduction of 0.32 units and a net bicarbonate accumulation of only 3 mM. Under simultaneous hypercapnia and hypoxia, short-term extracellular acidosis in Chionoecetes tanneri was completely uncompensated. In contrast, Cancer magister fully recovered its hemolymph pH over 24 h of hypercapnic exposure by net accumulation of 12 mM bicarbonate from the surrounding medium. The data support the hypothesis that deep-sea animals, which are adapted to a stable environment and exhibit reduced metabolic rates, lack the short-term acid -base regulatory capacity to cope with the acute hypercapnic stress that would accompany large-scale CO 2 sequestration. Additionally, the data indicate that sequestration in oxygen-poor areas of the ocean would be even more detrimental to deep-sea fauna.KEY WORDS: CO 2 · Deep sea · Physiology · Decapod crustacea · Acid-base regulation ·Chionoecetes tanneri · Cancer magister Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherThe ocean's large-scale absorption, as well as possible future anthropogenic sequestration of atmospheric CO 2 , will result in long-term acidification of the water. The deep-sea crab Chionoecetes tanneri (collected from Monterey Canyon at 1000 m depth) is unable to regulate extracellular pH during short-term CO 2 exposure. The results of Pane & Barry support the hypothesis that hypercapnia will have a profound physiological impact on deep-sea organisms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Pane¹,

Barry²

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

171

137

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“…Tissue carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity was measured as described by Henry et al (1990), with the exceptions that homogenization was by hand in a glass douncer and homogenates (rather than supernatants) were assayed. Data acquisition (ΔpH) followed the methods of Blanchard & Grosell (2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of enzyme activities linked to acid–base regulation in a deep-sea and a sublittoral decapod crab species

2008

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When compared to the sublittoral Dungeness crab Cancer magister, the deep-sea Tanner crab Chionoecetes tanneri exhibited lower activities of enzymes involved in some of the processes essential for efficient acid -base regulation. Tissue enzymatic activities were compared between Dungeness crabs held in normoxia and Tanner crabs held in hypoxia -both treatments mimicking typical habitat oxygen levels. In the posterior gill, activities of all forms of ATPase and carbonic anhydrase (CA) were approximately 2-to 13.2-fold lower in Tanner crabs than in Dungeness crabs. CA activity in the heart and white muscle was also significantly lower in hypoxic deep-sea Tanner crabs, while ATPase activity in these 2 tissues was similar between the 2 treatments. Diagnostically, enzymatic activities were compared when both species were held in normoxic seawater, with additional significant differences found in specific white muscle ATPase fractions (amiloride-and N-ethylemaleimide [NEM]-sensitive ATPases) and tissue buffering (β) capacity. When both species were acclimated to normoxia, C. tanneri exhibited mass specific rates of oxygen consumption significantly lower (4.5-fold) than C. magister. Under short-term, strongly hypercapnic conditions (1% CO 2 ), the Dungeness crab displayed reduced (30 to 40%) branchial ATPase activities, while enzymatic activities in the Tanner crab gill, muscle and heart were refractive to short-term (24 h) hypercapnia, suggesting a minimal ability to tune branchial function to changing environmental conditions. These results support our hypothesis that the deep-sea Tanner crab has a reduced capacity for active transport of acid -base relevant ions, particularly at the gill, and is therefore at a marked disadvantage with respect to iono-and acid -base regulatory capacity. These results add to a growing database documenting the limited ability of deep-sea megafauna to compensate for internal acid -base disruptions associated with introduction of anthropogenic CO 2 into the deep sea.

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“…Both species display morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics consistent with a stenohaline habitat (Henry et al 1990b). Both exhibit the relatively low rates of oxygen uptake (19Io~) (Henry et al 1990b) typical of deeper water species (Hochachka and Somero 1984). C. quinquedens has nearly double the resting metabolic rate of C. fenneri (Henry et al 1990 b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Oxygen-minimum zones occur in the habitats of both species, but the frequency of hypoxic encounters is unknown (Henry et al 1990a, b). C. quinquedens may rely more heavily on protein as a metabolic fuel as it has a higher nitrogen excretion rate and a higher hemolymph ammonia concentration than C. fenneri (Henry et al 1990b). Information on enzyme activities of C. fenneri and C. quinquedens is limited (Henry et al 1990b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of metabolic enzymes in the deep-water crabsChaceon fenneri andC. quinquedens and the shallow-water crabCallinectes sapidus

Walsh

Henry

1990

Mar. Biol.

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Abstract. The activities of 18 enzymes were measured in gill, hepatopancreas and muscle tissue of the deep-water crabs Chaceon fenneri and C. quinquedens and the shallow-water crab Callinectes sapidus collected from the Gulf of Mexico in January 1989. The activities of catabolic enzymes were correlated in general with the known metabolic rates of the three species. Activities were much higher in C. sapidus than in Chaceon fenneri and C. quinquedens. In some cases, C. quinquedens had higher activities than C. fenneri. The activities of enzymes of amino acid metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase) were higher in C. quinquedens, which had high hemolymph [ammonia] and ammonia excretion rates. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of C.fenneri and C. quinquedens were correlated with the two species' abilities to withstand hypoxia. The more hypoxiatolerant species, C. quinquedens, had higher activity of LDH in its muscles than did C. fenneri.

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Physiology of Two Species of Deep-Water Crabs, Chaceon Fenneri and C. Quinquedens: Gill Morphology, and Hemolymph Ionic and Nitrogen Concentrations

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Comparison of enzyme activities linked to acid–base regulation in a deep-sea and a sublittoral decapod crab species

Activities of metabolic enzymes in the deep-water crabsChaceon fenneri andC. quinquedens and the shallow-water crabCallinectes sapidus

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Physiology of Two Species of Deep-Water Crabs, Chaceon Fenneri and C. Quinquedens: Gill Morphology, and Hemolymph Ionic and Nitrogen Concentrations

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Comparison of enzyme activities linked to acid–base regulation in a deep-sea and a sublittoral decapod crab species

Activities of metabolic enzymes in the deep-water crabsChaceon fenneri andC. quinquedens and the shallow-water crabCallinectes sapidus

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Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab