Physiology of the vellus hair follicle: hair growth and sebum excretion

Blume, Ulrike; Ferracin, J.; Verschoore, M.; Czernielewski, J.; Schaefer, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb03277.x

Cited by 93 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Growth hormone is supportive for increased sebum production [85,86]. There is no relationship between the growth rate of vellus hairs and sebum excretion [87,88]. In contrast, the intensity of seborrhoea and severity of evolving androgenic alopecia are often related [67].…”

Section: Hormonal Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEMCO Guidance for the in vivo Assessment of Skin Greasiness

Pierard

Piérard-Franchimont

Marks

et al. 2000

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

139

119

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Sebaceous gland activity has four distinct components which are sebum production (a secretion rate function), storage (a volume function), surface output (a delivery rate function) and stratum corneum permeation (an influx rate function). The oily appearance of skin results from an excess of sebum excretion and spreading over the body surface and its interaction with the skin surface. A multi-pronged approach is often useful to assess skin greasiness with precision. The clinical evaluation of skin greasiness and its shiny appearance should be further complemented by quantifying the large pores, follicular plugs and comedones. The sebum amount present at the skin surface can be measured non-invasively using one of several methods based on solvent extraction, cigarette paper pads, photometric assessment, bentonite clay and lipid-sensitive tapes. Quantitative parameters include the sebum casual level, the sebum excretion rate, the sebum replacement time, the instant sebum delivery, the follicular excretion rate, the density in sebum-enriched reservoirs and the sustainable rate of sebum excretion. A series of environmental and biological features influence the data. Hence rigorous methodological designs are mandatory to support claims. As a rule, accuracy of the methods is adversely affected by skin temperature, degree of hydration and surface roughness. An additional confounding factor is the inherent difficulty of collecting the surface lipids without a contribution from the follicular reservoir. A better understanding of factors that alter the sebum amount at the skin surface may well assist in the development of sebosuppressive agents to help the reduction of the skin greasiness and improve acne.

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Section: Hormonal Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEMCO Guidance for the in vivo Assessment of Skin Greasiness

Pierard

Piérard-Franchimont

Marks

et al. 2000

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

139

119

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“…Another characteristic property of the follicles is the hair growth cycle, which was analyzed by measuring the length of all newly grown hair in shaved skin areas every other day during a period of 4 weeks [6,7]. To this end, a series of photographs of the investigated skin area were taken.…”

Section: Hair Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Follicular Penetration of Topically Applied Substances

Lademann

Otberg²,

Richter³

et al. 2001

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

Self Cite

168

106

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The influence of specific follicle properties, sebum production and hair growth on the follicular penetration of topically applied substances was investigated. The behavior of follicles identified in selected skin areas of volunteers was analyzed by various tape stripping and staining methods in combination with laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore hair growth in the selected skin areas was determined. A correlation between sebum production, hair growth activity and follicular penetration was observed.

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“…This includes the fine, peachwhite hypopigmented, nonmedullated vellus hairs that ordinarily cover most of the body and constitute facial down. The facial skin presents a remarkably elevated concentration of follicles in the postcranial anatomy, especially across the nose [25,26,27]. In living subjects, only 2-3mm of the vellus hair is exposed on the skin surface [28].…”

Section: External Skin Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Recently identified features that help to distinguish ceremonial tsantsa from commercial shrunken heads

Houlton

Wilkinson

2016

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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Highlights 65 shrunken human heads were examined using IRR, CT and microscopic hair analysis. Ten new characteristics for distinguishing ceremonial and commercials heads were identified. Commercial heads may be more reliably identified, than ceremonial tsantsa. AbstractThis is an anthropological investigation into a collection of 65 shrunken human heads, to determine if new characteristics can be identified to facilitate the differentiation between ceremonial tsantsa and commercial shrunken heads. Ceremonial tsantsa refers to shrunken heads mummified as war trophies within the ancient traditions and rituals of the Amazonian Shuar, Achuar, Awajún/Aguaruna, Wampís/Huambisa and CandoshiShapra (SAAWC). Commercial shrunken heads are comparatively modern objects constructed specifically for the collector market of the past. Low earning individuals in South and Middle America, outwith the SAAWC culture, who had access to corpses and appropriate medical or taxidermy provisions, produced these for trade purposes. These heads were made in abundance and do not present the same historical value or heritage as ceremonial tsantsa. The relevance of an accurate provenance for heads may directly impact museums, with regard to identifying the authenticity of a specimen and how they should handle any potential requests to return such artefacts to their cultural homes.Complying with current anthropological standards, a total of 6 ceremonial tsantsa and 36 commercial heads were identified. Greater confidence is prescribed to the assignment of commercial heads as their morphological appearance is at odds with the highly standardised presentation of ceremonial tsantsa. Many indicated that the processor had access to modern resources such as gloves and fine suturing equipment, which were not typically available to the SAAWC. Since traders sometimes closely replicating ceremonial tsantsa when shrinking and decorating heads for trade, limited certainty can be prescribed to this category.Minor deviations in ceremonial design resulted in 23 heads being defined as ambiguous in origin.Each head was examined by manual inspection, infrared reflectography (IRR), CT and microscopic hair analysis, with ten new differentiating characteristics identified.

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Physiology of the vellus hair follicle: hair growth and sebum excretion

Cited by 93 publications

References 14 publications

EEMCO Guidance for the in vivo Assessment of Skin Greasiness

EEMCO Guidance for the in vivo Assessment of Skin Greasiness

Investigation of Follicular Penetration of Topically Applied Substances

Recently identified features that help to distinguish ceremonial tsantsa from commercial shrunken heads

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