Physiology of embryonic development in cormophytes

Wardlaw, C. W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-50088-6_28

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…Estes resultados indicam alta compatibilidade entre os genótipos parentais dos materiais híbridos estudados, pois, segundo Wardlaw (1965), o primeiro sinal de desenvolvimento anormal em sementes provenientes de cruzamentos "incompatíves" ocorre no endosperma.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Resgate in vitro de embriões em genótipos diplóides de bananeira

Neves

Silva

Oliveira

2001

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a técnica de resgate de embriões de sementes de bananeira em genótipos diplóides e a influência de defeitos do embrião e do endosperma na germinação in vitro. Foram utilizados os genótipos Calcutta, Malaccensis, Butuhan, França, 0304-02, 1304-06, 4252-04 e 9379-09. De cada genótipo, 100 sementes recém-coletadas foram embebidas em água destilada, por 24 horas, e desinfestadas em solução à base de nitrato de prata e cloreto de sódio. Os embriões extraídos foram introduzidos em meio MS com 30 g L-1 desacarose e 7 g L-1 de ágar, e cultivados em câmara de crescimento, no escuro e em temperatura de 26 ± 2ºC. A germinação concentrou-se do quinto ao vigésimo dia de cultivo e apresentou uma média de 53,25% após 45 dias, independentemente do genótipo. As espécies selvagens apresentaram porcentagem média de germinação maior do que a dos genótipos híbridos. A presença de embrião e endosperma normais não foi essencial para a germinação in vitro.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Resgate in vitro de embriões em genótipos diplóides de bananeira

Neves

Silva

Oliveira

2001

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…The embryogeny in Isoëtes is endoscopic, as in other lycophytes ( Lycopodium and Selaginella) , Marattiaceae and some Ophioglossaceae [ 35 , 47 ]: the embryo develops from the inner of the two cells resulting from the first division of the zygote, with the foot remaining within the spore wall and the shoot and the root apices located near the archegonium neck [ 47 ]. The embryo grows rapidly with the first leaf of the sporeling bursting out of the megagametophyte by the seventh day [ 48 ]. Sporeling emergence was scored daily for 3 months, considering the time in which the first leaf starts protruding from the megagametophytic tissue ( Figure 4 a,b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Propagation of Isoëtes sabatina (Isoetaceae): A Key Conservation Challenge for a Critically Endangered Quillwort

Magrini

Azzella

Bolpagni

et al. 2020

Plants

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Isoëtes sabatina is an aquatic quillwort endemic to Italy. It is one of the rarest quillworts in Europe, and is critically endangered due to restricted range and to the continuous decline of both population and habitat quality. This study aims to develop an optimized protocol to reproduce and grow I. sabatina sporelings. Mature and immature megaspores were mixed with mature microspores to evaluate the influence of the developmental stage on germination and sporeling development. Two substrates, distilled water and water-agar medium, were tested for germination and sporeling emergence, and three substrates, sand, lake sediment and water-agar, were tested for transplants. A high percentage of megaspore germination (a total of 79.1%) was obtained in both substrates, higher for mature than immature spores. A total of 351 sporelings were produced in distilled water and water-agar cultures, with similar percentages (64.5% and 69.6%, respectively). The development stage of the megaspores affected both germination and sporeling development. Sporeling emergence showed significantly higher percentages in mature megaspores than immature ones (69.6% vs. 11.6%, respectively), with 85% of germinated spores developing sporelings. Only transplants over water-agar medium were successful. This protocol could be useful for the propagation of sporelings as the key step towards the planning of in situ actions to save this Mediterranean quillwort from extinction.

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Totipotency, somatic embryogenesis, and Harry Waris (1893–1973)

Krikorian¹,

Simola²

1999

Physiologia Plantarum

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F. C. Steward and Jakob Reinert in the late 1950s, independently and with different degrees of scientific exactness, demonstrated that somatic cells of cultivated carrot can produce embryo‐like structures in aseptic culture. Growth substances in the nutrient medium were viewed as central to the process. The now classic papers of Steward and Reinert have found a special and enduring place in the literature of plant development. But Harry Waris also deserves credit for his observation that vegetative cells sloughed off from aseptically germinated seedlings reared in liquid nutrient medium can produce ‘embryos’. In his studies, seedlings of Oenanthe aquatica (Umbelliferae) were maintained in culture for protracted periods under nutrient conditions designed to foster imbalance in protein metabolism, but without exogenous growth hormones. Seedlings placed in media with high concentrations of glycine grew normally for 3–4 months; after this a “period of morbidity” occurred, followed by production of new plants from the root tips. These new plants, later called “neomorphs”, in turn reproduced by colorless outgrowths of leaf epidermis. Such outgrowths, and “nodules” formed in a callus produced by the original seedlings, passed through stages described as “nodule”, “fusiform”, and a stage with two or more “lobes”. Transfer of the neomorphs to a medium lacking glycine resulted in the development of normal plants. We show that Waris was among the first, if not the first, to observe and recognize somatic embryo production in aseptic culture, and indeed to call them “embryos”. We also discuss his investigations in the context of understanding development at the cellular level, then and now.

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Physiology of embryonic development in cormophytes

Cited by 6 publications

References 198 publications

Resgate in vitro de embriões em genótipos diplóides de bananeira

Resgate in vitro de embriões em genótipos diplóides de bananeira

In Vitro Propagation of Isoëtes sabatina (Isoetaceae): A Key Conservation Challenge for a Critically Endangered Quillwort

Totipotency, somatic embryogenesis, and Harry Waris (1893–1973)

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