Physiological responses to low temperature

Junttila, Olavi

doi:10.1051/forest:198905art0137

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, there are relatively few studies on how elevated atmospheric CO 2 levels might influence plants' acclimation to low and sub-zero temperatures. In perennial plants, low temperature strongly affects the natural, geographical distribution (Hällgren and Öquist 1990), and it is a major environmental factor regulating and limiting plant growth (Junttila 1989;Larcher 1995). Thus, elevated CO 2 could, in combination with low and sub-zero temperatures, induce changes in plant distribution, particularly in temperate and boreal regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

Dalen¹,

Johnsen²

2004

Trees - Structure and Function

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Plant growth and adaptation to cold and freezing temperatures in a CO 2 -enriched atmosphere have received little attention despite the predicted effects of elevated CO 2 on plant distribution and productivity. Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings from latitudinally distinct seed sources (66N and 60N) were grown for one simulated growth season under controlled conditions in an atmosphere enriched in CO 2 (70 Pa) and at ambient CO 2 (40 Pa), combined factorially with low (3.6 mM) or high (15.7 mM) concentrations of nitrogen fertilization. There was a clear difference between the two provenances in height growth, in the timing of bud set, and in freezing tolerance. Nitrogen fertilization increased height growth in both provenances, while CO 2 enrichment stimulated height growth only in the southern provenance. We found no significant effects of elevated CO 2 or nitrogen fertilization on the timing of bud set. During cold acclimation, freezing tolerance increased from 10C to 35C, and there was a marked increase in all soluble sugars except inositol. Elevated CO 2 in combination with high nitrogen led to a slight increased freezing tolerance in both provenances during the early stages of cold acclimation. However, towards the end of cold acclimation, elevated CO 2 and high nitrogen led to reduced freezing tolerance in the southern provenance, while elevated CO 2 and low nitrogen reduced freezing tolerance in the northern provenance. These results suggest that CO 2 enrichment influences the development of freezing tolerance, and that these responses differ with available nitrogen and between provenances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

Dalen¹,

Johnsen²

2004

Trees - Structure and Function

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“…Generally, relatively little information is available on the effects of growing season temperature on hardening processes, but Aronsson (1975) found that hardiness of Scots pine grown in LD was greater with lower temperature during growth, but hardiness of Norway spruce was not affected by temperature. In woody plants, cessation of growth is normally a prerequisite for cold hardening and particularly in northern, free‐growing species, cessation of growth is induced by short photoperiod (Irving and Lanphear 1967; van Huystee et al 1967; Weiser 1970; Aronsson 1975; Christersson 1978; Smit‐Spinks et al 1984; Junttila 1989), but it may interact with temperature (Koski and Sievänen 1985). Although SD alone may induce significant cold hardiness, as found for Scots pine and Norway spruce by Christersson (1978), further progress of hardening is dependent on low temperatures (Weiser 1970; Nilsson 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold hardiness of rhododendron cultivars grown in different photoperiods and temperatures

Väinölä

Junttila

Rita

1999

Physiologia Plantarum

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Two rhododendron cultivars, ‘Pohjola's Daughter’ and ‘Helsinki University’, were grown at +15 and +24°C, each combined with a photoperiod of 14 h (short day, SD) or 20 h (long day, LD). After a 112‐day growing season, they were subjected to a hardening regime of fortnightly decreasing temperature (+9, +5, +1 and −2°C) and a 12‐h photoperiod, except that part of the plants grown in LD had LD also at +9 and +5°C. At −2°C, all plants were in darkness. Controlled freezing tests of the leaves were performed before each change in temperature. The injury was evaluated visually and by electrolyte leakage (EL) tests. The observations on the visual assessment were analysed with logit models, and the EL data with non‐linear sigmoid functions. The visually scored 50% damage (VD50) correlated better with the EL tests than 10 or 90% damage. Photoperiod and temperature during the growing season affected the cold hardiness of both cultivars, but they differed in their responses. ‘Pohjola's Daughter’ benefited from SD as well as from high temperature, while ‘Helsinki University’ attained better hardiness at a cool growing season temperature and was less sensitive to photoperiod.

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“…According to REPO and PELKONEN (1986), JUNTILLA (1989) dehardening occurs primarily in response to rising temperatures in the spring.…”

Section: Silver Firmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in cold hardiness of silver fir and larch bare-rooted seedlings during autumn and spring

Sarvaš¹

2004

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to obtain information about changes in cold hardiness of larch and silver fir seedlings during autumn and spring by help of measurements of electrolyte leakage from shoots (SEL) and root system (REL). The values of electrolyte leakage from the untreated (control) root system of silver fir decreased during autumn (from 28% on September 25 to 24% on November 27). Minimum values were reached on March 26. A decrease in electrolyte leakage was found for silver fir shoots (SEL) (the maximum was detected on October 2 -12% and minimum on November 27 -7%). Contrary to REL, SEL increased in March. The rate of electrolyte leakage from treated (after artificial frost) roots and shoots decreased during autumn (REL and SEL minimum on November 27). The change in the rate of electrolyte leakage from untreated larch roots was similar to that from silver fir roots during autumn. The values continually decreased from 26% (on September 25) to 12% (on November 27). The course of electrolyte leakage from the treated root system was similar for both species. The differences between electrolyte leakage from larch shoots (treated und untreated ones) were statistically significant, but without any clear tendency during autumn. The objective of this study was to acquire the first information about changes in cold hardiness of larch and silver fir seedlings during autumn and spring by help of measurements of electrolyte leakage from shoots and root system. MATERIALS AND METHODSSilver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and larch (Larix decidua Mill.) seedlings cultivated in a nursery of Forest Research Institute in Zvolen were used in this study. The biometrical characteristics and age of tested planting stock are given in Table 1. Unfortunately, no complex information about plant raising in the nursery is available.Seedlings were lifted at one-week intervals in autumn (from September 25 to November 27) and in spring (two sample dates, March 12 and 26). On each occasion 30 seedlings were lifted. Directly after lifting the seedlings were checked carefully and only plants without mechanical damage were used (untreated seedlings). Samples of shoots and roots were taken from 15 plants to prepare the procedure of electrolyte leakage measurement. The remaining 15 plants were transported to a lab of Forest Research Institute in Zvolen and used for cold hardiness tests. These whole plants were placed in polyurethane bags and to a refrigerator (temperature 2°C). After two hours, the plants were put to a climatic room for 20 hours (temperature -16°C). After this artificial frost treatment and one hour in the room temperature samples from roots and shoots were taken for electrolyte leakage measurement (treated seedlings). 239The modified method according to McKAY (1992) was used for all electrolyte leakage measurements. The root system was washed in cold tap water to remove soil and rinsed in deionized water to remove surface ions. The sample length from main root (taken directly under the root collar) and shoot (taken di...

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Physiological responses to low temperature

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

Cold hardiness of rhododendron cultivars grown in different photoperiods and temperatures

Changes in cold hardiness of silver fir and larch bare-rooted seedlings during autumn and spring

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