Physiological responses of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) treated with homeopathic product and submitted to transport stress

Abstract

Transport resulted in stress responses in juvenile pacu and the homeopathic complex, administered in the water or diet, did not minimize these responses. Sucrose supplementation altered the cortisol and blood glucose levels, suggesting a moderating effect on these stress indicators.

An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration

“…These include the following: 'matrinxã' (Brycon cephalus and Brycon amazonicus, Bryconidae) juveniles (Urbinati et al 2004;Abreu et al 2008) and adults (Carneiro and Urbinati 2002;Urbinati and Carneiro 2006), 'pacu' (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Serrasalmidae) (Feitosa et al 2013), and the catfish Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae) (Parodi et al 2014;Zeppenfeld et al 2014), or else on the perch (Perca fluviatilis, Percidae) (Acerete et al 2004), and the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Clariidae) (Manuel et al 2014). These include the following: 'matrinxã' (Brycon cephalus and Brycon amazonicus, Bryconidae) juveniles (Urbinati et al 2004;Abreu et al 2008) and adults (Carneiro and Urbinati 2002;Urbinati and Carneiro 2006), 'pacu' (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Serrasalmidae) (Feitosa et al 2013), and the catfish Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae) (Parodi et al 2014;Zeppenfeld et al 2014), or else on the perch (Perca fluviatilis, Percidae) (Acerete et al 2004), and the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Clariidae) (Manuel et al 2014).…”

“…Besides plasma osmolality, plasma inorganic ions have been frequently employed as biomarkers of the stress of fish transport, especially sodium and chloride, themselves mostly responsible for total osmolality in teleosts, and potassium, along with other markers (Carneiro and Urbinati 2002;Abreu et al 2008;Feitosa et al 2013). As an example, the fat snook (C. parallelus, Centropomidae) submitted to 10-hour transport in either fresh water or seawater displayed raised plasma sodium levels, but potassium ions did not change (Tondolo et al 2013).…”

“…The most often employed are haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte count (Abreu et al 2008;Marc ßalo et al 2008;Brinn et al 2012;Feitosa et al 2013). The most often employed are haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte count (Abreu et al 2008;Marc ßalo et al 2008;Brinn et al 2012;Feitosa et al 2013).…”

“…Several studies have been published analysing short transport of relevant species for aquaculture. These include the following: 'matrinxã' (Brycon cephalus and Brycon amazonicus, Bryconidae) juveniles (Urbinati et al 2004;Abreu et al 2008) and adults (Carneiro and Urbinati 2002;Urbinati and Carneiro 2006), 'pacu' (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Serrasalmidae) (Feitosa et al 2013), and the catfish Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae) (Parodi et al 2014;Zeppenfeld et al 2014), or else on the perch (Perca fluviatilis, Percidae) (Acerete et al 2004), and the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Clariidae) (Manuel et al 2014).…”

“…Haematological markers are another example of secondary stress markers. The most often employed are haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte count (Abreu et al 2008;Marc ßalo et al 2008;Brinn et al 2012;Feitosa et al 2013). However, they quite frequently show no change, even when the classical primary marker, blood cortisol, indicates the activation of the stress response (Acerete et al 2004;Urbinati and Carneiro 2006).…”