Physiological Measures in the Detection of Deception and Concealed Information

Ambach, Wolfgang; Gamer, Matthias

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812729-2.00001-x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In forensic situations, a polygraph measures autonomic responses to questions related to a crime. Autonomic responses, such as skin conductance and respiration, have high signal-to-noise ratios and can easily be measured outside controlled laboratory settings, unlike central measures such as electroencephalograms (1). Thus, in the field of criminal investigations, autonomic responses are still preferred to central responses (2).…”

Section: Polygraph As a Memory Detection Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The examiner infers that the examinee in fact recognizes the crime-relevant item, despite his or her statement to the contrary, when the responses to the crime-relevant item differ from those to the crime-irrelevant items. Typically, greater skin conductance, suppressed respiration, slower heart rate, and smaller pulse volume are observed for the relevant item than for the irrelevant items [for reviews, see (1, 6)].…”

Section: Polygraph As a Memory Detection Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 We chose these horizontal axis ranges of Figure 3 considering the following two points: (1) The range should not be too wide to observe the change of the ratio of the recognizing/unrecognizing examinees according to the increase of the d / p values; (2) The range also should not be too narrow to include a sufficient number of examinees.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Broadening the Use of the Concealed Information Test in the Field

2019

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Japan is the only country where the polygraph with the concealed information test (CIT) is widely applied to criminal investigations. The CIT can reveal whether an examinee has knowledge of specific details of a crime. Furthermore, the CIT can extract crime-relevant information that investigative organizations have not yet uncovered. This article introduces how Japanese polygraphers take advantage of the CIT in criminal investigations. We also describe how polygraphs with the CIT are currently used in court. Then we propose statistical discrimination methods that can be easily applied to CIT interpretation in the field. Appropriate application of the statistical values is discussed. We hope that this article will facilitate more active use of the CIT outside Japan.

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Section: Polygraph As a Memory Detection Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polygraph As a Memory Detection Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broadening the Use of the Concealed Information Test in the Field

2019

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“…Such studies should also examine potential differences in electrodermal and cardiovascular responding that have recently been observed in CIT examinations (klein Selle, Verschuere, Kindt, Meijer, & Ben‐Shakhar, ). Whereas SCR and HR measures showed comparable effects in the current study, they might reflect distinct psychophysiological processes that are sensitive to different aspects of cognitive and affective processing (Ambach & Gamer, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Effect of negative motivation on the behavioral and autonomic correlates of deception

Suchotzki

Gamer

2018

Psychophysiology

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In forensic contexts, lying is often motivated by the will to avoid negative consequences (e.g., an arrest). Previous research investigating the effect of motivation on deception has, however, nearly exclusively focused on the effect of positive motivation (e.g., via financial rewards). In the current study, we aimed to replicate previous studies on the behavioral and autonomic correlates of deception and to investigate the influence of negative motivation on those correlates. Participants committed a mock theft and underwent a questioning procedure in which they had to truthfully and deceptively answer questions about the committed mock crime and a control crime. Half of the participants completed the procedure without any specific motivation, whereas the other half of the participants was told that lies detected by a computer algorithm would result in an unpleasant electric stimulation. Results revealed longer reaction times, larger skin conductance responses, and a relative heart rate slowing for lying compared to truth telling. The latter two effects were larger in the motivation compared to the control condition. Results are in line with the motivation impairment hypothesis and effects of positive motivation on the autonomic correlates of information concealment. The observation that a higher motivation increased rather than decreased deception effects is promising for forensic contexts. The possible explanation that these effects could be related to fear conditioning should stimulate future research on the stability of differences between lying and truth telling in people who experienced no or only seldom punishment for deception in their learning history.

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“…Where this knowledge comes from (e.g., committing the crime, observing the crime, hearsay) needs to be determined in further interrogations. Crucially, it has been found that such recognition leads to measurable changes in different autonomic indices, as for instance an increase in skin conductance, and a decrease in heart rate and respiration for the critical crime knowledge compared to the other neutral answer alternatives (7). No such changes should be observable in an unknowledgeable suspect, for which all alternatives should be equally likely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the Reaction Time Concealed Information Test in a Prison Sample

2019

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Detecting whether a suspect possesses incriminating (e.g., crime-related) information can provide valuable decision aids in court. To this means, the Concealed Information Test (CIT) has been developed and is currently applied on a regular basis in Japan. But whereas research has revealed a high validity of the CIT in student and normal populations, research investigating its validity in forensic samples in scarce. This applies even more to the reaction time-based CIT (RT-CIT), where no such research is available so far. The current study tested the application of the RT-CIT for an imaginary mock crime scenario both in a sample of prisoners (n = 27) and a matched control group (n = 25). Results revealed a high validity of the RT-CIT for discriminating between crime-related and crime-unrelated information, visible in medium to very high effect sizes for error rates and reaction times. Interestingly, in accordance with theories that criminal offenders may have worse response inhibition capacities and that response inhibition plays a crucial role in the RT-CIT, CIT-effects in the error rates were even elevated in the prisoners compared to the control group. No support for this hypothesis could, however, be found in reaction time CIT-effects. Also, performance in a standard Stroop task, that was conducted to measure executive functioning, did not differ between both groups and no correlation was found between Stroop task performance and performance in the RT-CIT. Despite frequently raised concerns that the RT-CIT may not be applicable in non-student and forensic populations, our results thereby do suggest that such a use may be possible and that effects seem to be quite large. Future research should build up on these findings by increasing the realism of the crime and interrogation situation and by further investigating the replicability and the theoretical substantiation of increased effects in non-student and forensic samples.

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Physiological Measures in the Detection of Deception and Concealed Information

Cited by 10 publications

References 79 publications

Broadening the Use of the Concealed Information Test in the Field

Broadening the Use of the Concealed Information Test in the Field

Effect of negative motivation on the behavioral and autonomic correlates of deception

Validity of the Reaction Time Concealed Information Test in a Prison Sample

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