Physiological Aspects of Marathon Running

Sperlich, Billy

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29728-6_1

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The convective heat exchange rate increases by increasing the temperature gradient between the fluid flow and the skin surface. A healthy body loses about 15% of heat energy through this process [6].…”

Section: Thermal Regulation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the body temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, more heat emits than is received. The body loses about 60% of heat energy by the radiation process at rest in a temperate room [6]. The sun rays of a wavelength longer than 3 × 10 −6 m absorb by the atmospheric environment and do not reach the earth's surface due to having a less penetrating force.…”

Section: Thermal Regulation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Dimensional FEM Approach of Metabolic Effect on Thermoregulation in Human Dermal Parts During Walking and Marathon

Shrestha

Acharya

Gurung

2023

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

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The physiological mechanisms conduction, convection, and radiation exchange the heat energy in bi-directional routes between the body and the temperature field. Metabolism and evaporation are the uni-directional routes for the exchange of heat energy. In the metabolic process, the body creates internal heat energy, whereas the body loses excess heat energy through the evaporation process and maintains the body temperature. This study has shown steady and unsteady state temperature distribution in three skin layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, during walking and marathon. The results have analyzed that each skin layer temperature is higher during a marathon compared with walking due to more metabolic effects. The computation has been carried out for the two-dimensional Pennes’ bio-heat equation using a finite element approach. The generated results have been exhibited graphically.

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Section: Thermal Regulation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Regulation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional FEM Approach of Metabolic Effect on Thermoregulation in Human Dermal Parts During Walking and Marathon

Shrestha

Acharya

Gurung

2023

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

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“…The successful completion of endurance running events, such as half-marathons (21.1 km), marathons (42.2 km), and ultra-marathons (>42.2 km) ( Ambrozic et al, 2018 ), is regarded as a remarkable physical ( Stöggl and Wunsch, 2016 ) and mental accomplishment ( Hammer and Podlog, 2016 ). Whether participating recreationally or competitively, these events result in considerable physiological ( Sperlich, 2016 ; D’Silva et al, 2020 ) and immunological ( Nieman, 2007 ; Barros et al, 2017 ) responses, in addition to triggering acute metabolic shifts in various energy-producing pathways ( Lewis et al, 2010 ; Schader et al, 2020 ). These pathways can work in concert with each other, and the relative contribution of each pathway may vary depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic recovery of marathon runners: an untargeted 1H-NMR metabolomics perspective

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Extreme endurance events may result in numerous adverse metabolic, immunologic, and physiological perturbations that may diminish athletic performance and adversely affect the overall health status of an athlete, especially in the absence of sufficient recovery. A comprehensive understanding of the post-marathon recovering metabolome, may aid in the identification of new biomarkers associated with marathon-induced stress, recovery, and adaptation, which can facilitate the development of improved training and recovery programs and personalized monitoring of athletic health/recovery/performance. Nevertheless, an untargeted, multi-disciplinary elucidation of the complex underlying biochemical mechanisms involved in recovery after such an endurance event is yet to be demonstrated.Methods: This investigation employed an untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics approach to characterize the post-marathon recovering metabolome by systematically comparing the pre-, immediately post, 24, and 48 h post-marathon serum metabolite profiles of 15 athletes.Results and Discussion: A total of 26 metabolites were identified to fluctuate significantly among post-marathon and recovery time points and were mainly attributed to the recovery of adenosine triphosphate, redox balance and glycogen stores, amino acid oxidation, changes to gut microbiota, and energy drink consumption during the post-marathon recovery phase. Additionally, metabolites associated with delayed-onset muscle soreness were observed; however, the mechanisms underlying this commonly reported phenomenon remain to be elucidated. Although complete metabolic recovery of the energy-producing pathways and fuel substrate stores was attained within the 48 h recovery period, several metabolites remained perturbed throughout the 48 h recovery period and/or fluctuated again following their initial recovery to pre-marathon-related levels.

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“…Marathon running is a classic example of a popular sports activity that poses substantial demands on the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, immune, metabolic, and neurological systems [ 4 ]. In the last three decades, the number of recreational marathon runners has markedly increased [ 5 , 6 ], with middle-aged men constituting the largest group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective evaluation of cardiac effects of first-time marathon training, running, and recovery in middle-aged men: cohort study rationale and design

et al. 2022

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Background Several phenomena may point to potentially detrimental cardiac effects of endurance exercise, such as elevated circulating cardiac troponin levels and reductions in systolic and diastolic function directly after marathon completion. Furthermore, while myocardial abnormalities have been reported in patients who recovered from COVID-19, the cardiac impact of extensive endurance exercise in individuals who recovered from COVID-19 remains unknown. We therefore aim to investigate (potentially detrimental) cardiac effects of first-time marathon training and participation, including a subset of participants who recovered from COVID-19, in apparently healthy middle-aged men. Study design This exploratory prospective cohort study investigates cardiac effects of first-time marathon running in 24 middle-aged (35–50 years) healthy men. Primary outcomes are cardiac morphological changes from pre-training up to 1 month after marathon completion, measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 4 time points: 1) baseline (4 months before the marathon), 2) pre-marathon (2 weeks before the marathon), 3) post-marathon (< 24 h post-marathon), and 4) recovery (4 weeks after the marathon). Secondary parameters include other cardiac or non-cardiac changes: 1) quantitative MRI myocardial mapping, including mean diffusivity and extracellular volume fraction, 2) echocardiographic morphology and function changes, 3) VO2max, 4) electrocardiogram changes, and 5) levels of cardiac biomarkers. Discussion This study will contribute to our understanding of cardiac adaptations and maladaptations to first-time marathon running in middle-aged men, and the interaction between extreme endurance exercise and potential detrimental cardiac effects, also in the context of COVID-19. Results will inform on future research directions while providing new clinical insights for health professionals involved in athlete care.

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Physiological Aspects of Marathon Running

Cited by 7 publications

References 83 publications

Two-Dimensional FEM Approach of Metabolic Effect on Thermoregulation in Human Dermal Parts During Walking and Marathon

Two-Dimensional FEM Approach of Metabolic Effect on Thermoregulation in Human Dermal Parts During Walking and Marathon

The metabolic recovery of marathon runners: an untargeted 1H-NMR metabolomics perspective

Prospective evaluation of cardiac effects of first-time marathon training, running, and recovery in middle-aged men: cohort study rationale and design

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