Metabolisms play a vital role in thermoregulation in the human body. The metabolic rate varies with the activity levels and has different behaviors in nature depending on the physical activities of the person. During the activity, metabolic rate increases rapidly at the beginning and then increases slowly to become almost constant after a certain time. So, its behavior is as logistics in nature. The high metabolic rate during activity causes the increase of body core temperature up to 39˚C [1] [2]. The logistic model of metabolic rate is used to re-model Pennes' bioheat equation for the study of temperature distribution in three layered human dermal parts during carpentering, swimming and marathon. The finite element method is used to obtain the solution of the model equation. The results demonstrate that there is a significant change in tissue temperature due to sweating and ambient temperature variations.
Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to model metabolic rate that governs the behavior exhibited by various exercises over the period. This model equation is used in one dimensional Pennes' bio-heat equation to study the temperature distribution in dermal part of tissue layers due to various exercises. The appropriate Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are used. The solution of the bio-heat equation is then obtained using FEM technique and the simulated results are presented graphically.
Sweat evaporation is the principal process of dissipating heat energy in a hot environment and during activities. Sweat loss is significantly affected by the level of energy expenditure, hormones, and the number of sweat glands. The thickness of the skin layer plays a vital role to maintain body temperature. The rate of sweat evaporation varies with ambient temperature and activity level. On increasing both metabolism and ambient temperature, sweat rate loss also increases and controls the body in the thermoregulatory system. The evaporative sweat release rate has a linear behavior. The appropriate physical and physiological parameters that affect thermoregulation have been incorporated into the model. The study presents the temperature distribution in three layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue (SST) of the human dermal parts during cooking, cleaning, and walking. The solution is obtained by using the finite element method. The results demonstrate that the body mechanism keeps the body in thermoregulation by increasing the sweat evaporation rate exhibited by increasing the ambient temperature and metabolism during strenuous activities.
Sarcopenia is an illness characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, and its strength occurs in aging after 50 years. Muscle mass plays a vital role in body weight and metabolism. The loses in body weight impact reducing the basal metabolic rate (BMR). The BMR affects the human body temperature due to lower metabolic heat production during sarcopenia. The present study deals with time dependent temperature variation in human dermal parts during sarcopenia. The finite element method is used to solve a one-dimensional bioheat equation. In this model, the thickness of the epidermis, dermis layers, and the BMR of different aging, are estimated. The results show the nodal temperature of the epidermis and dermis layers increases due to reducing the thickness. Further, the subcutaneous nodal temperature slightly decreases due to the cause of BMR.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.