Physiological and Pharmacological Regulation of Biological Calcification

Williams, Daniel C.; Frolik, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60685-3

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 927 publications

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“…The mechanism of mineralization of biological tissues is not fully understood, but there are two general theories, the nucleation theory and the matrix vesicles theory [1], both of which are accepted by the majority of investigators. Although it has been suggested that matrix vesicles act as sites of mineralization, with ALP providing phosphate locally for the process of mineralization [1,31], the mechanism of their release from the osteoblastic cells is yet to be elucidated. The present study showed that T3 increases the release of membrane-bound ALP in osteoblastic cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytochalasin treatment, through its inhibition of actin polymerization, produced a significant decrease of membrane-bound ALP release induced by T3. These data suggest that the regulatory role of T3 in skeletal development can partly be due to its stimulatory effect on the release of membrane-bound ALP by osteoblastic cells which is thought to be an important factor in the initiation of biological calcification.The calcification of biological tissue depends partially on the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [1][2][3]. This enzyme belongs to a group of ectoenzymes which are covalently bound to glycan-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor on the outer surface of the cell membrane [4][5][6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calcification of biological tissue depends partially on the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [1][2][3]. This enzyme belongs to a group of ectoenzymes which are covalently bound to glycan-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor on the outer surface of the cell membrane [4][5][6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triiodothyronine Stimulates the Release of Membrane-Bound Alkaline Phosphatase in Osteoblastic Cells

Banovac

Koren²

2000

Calcif Tissue Int

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Thyroid hormone deficient osteoblastic cells in cell culture released a significantly higher amount of alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity following T3 replacement. T3 increased the release of total and membrane-bound ALP activity in these cells significantly more than T4 or inactive thyroid hormone metabolite, DIT. The effect of T3 on the membrane-bound ALP fraction was dose and time dependent; higher concentrations of T3 and longer incubation time with T3 proportionally increased the enzyme activity. T3 had no effect on the release of soluble fraction of ALP. Our results indicate that in "hypothyroid" osteoblastic cells the total release of ALP is decreased and that the secreted fraction of ALP is predominantly in soluble form, whereas the addition of T3 stimulates ALP release and mainly increases the membrane-bound fraction. T3 also increased formation of actin cytoskeleton in hypothyroid osteoblastic cells. Cytochalasin treatment, through its inhibition of actin polymerization, produced a significant decrease of membrane-bound ALP release induced by T3. These data suggest that the regulatory role of T3 in skeletal development can partly be due to its stimulatory effect on the release of membrane-bound ALP by osteoblastic cells which is thought to be an important factor in the initiation of biological calcification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triiodothyronine Stimulates the Release of Membrane-Bound Alkaline Phosphatase in Osteoblastic Cells

Banovac

Koren²

2000

Calcif Tissue Int

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“…The mineralization and calcification of the bone matrix facilitates osteoblast formation and is therefore essential for the strength and rigidity of the skeletal system (19). To estimate the osteoblastic mineralization and calcification, von Kossa staining for phosphates at was performed day 14.…”

Section: Ad-bmp-2 Increases Mineralization and Calcification Of Hmscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenovirus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein-2 promotes osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

Cao

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Delayed and failed bone union following fracture is a common clinical complication that requires treatment in orthopedics. Cell-based therapies and tissue-engineering approaches are potential therapeutic strategies for bone repair and fracture healing. However, the effect of adenovirus expressing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (Ad-BMP-2) on the osteogenic ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has remained to be fully elucidated. Therefore, in the present study, hMSCs were transduced using Ad-BMP-2 to assess the effects of its application and to determine whether Ad-BMP-2 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The purity of the hMSC cultures was assessed using flow cytometric analysis. In order to assess the osteogenic activity, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was measured and to estimate the osteoblastic mineralization and calcification, von Kossa staining for phosphates was performed. Cells positive for Src homology 2 domain were determined to be hMSCs and the presence of CD34 was used to distinguish hematopoietic lineages. Following treatment, the Ad-BMP-2 and control group had significantly increased ALP levels (P<0.05). Compared to the blank group and the group transfected with adenoviral vector containing LacZ, the phosphate deposition in the Ad-BMP-2 group and the positive control group treated with dexamethasone was markedly increased. The results of the present study suggested that Ad-BMP-2 promotes osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs and may have a potential application in treating delayed union and nonunion following bone fracture.

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“…Several histological terms have been used to denominate the tissue of the lepidotrichia: bone tissue [lo], dermal bone [ll], acellular bone [23], osteoid tissue [4] and cartilage-like tissue [22]. These terms are based on certain existing similarities between this tissue and others.Extracellular matrix transformations in skeletal tissue maturation, such as changes in the glycosidic residues and specific protein interactions, have been reported [25,32, 341. The aim of this study is to analyze histochemically the lepidotrichial materials during regeneration, with particular emphasis on the interactions that take place during the sequential maturation of this tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of the lepidotrichial matrix components during tail fin regeneration in teleosts

1992

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Physiological and Pharmacological Regulation of Biological Calcification

Cited by 19 publications

References 927 publications

Triiodothyronine Stimulates the Release of Membrane-Bound Alkaline Phosphatase in Osteoblastic Cells

Triiodothyronine Stimulates the Release of Membrane-Bound Alkaline Phosphatase in Osteoblastic Cells

Adenovirus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein-2 promotes osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

Interactions of the lepidotrichial matrix components during tail fin regeneration in teleosts

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