Physiological and behavioral responses to strangers compared to friends as a source of disgust

Peng, Ming; Chang, Lei; Zhou, Renlai

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.10.002

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Several studies have found that vulnerability to disease enhances negative reactions to foreign people (e.g., Faulkner et al 2004;Navarrete and Fessler 2006;Navarrete, Fessler, and Eng 2007). Similarly, Peng, Chang, and Zhou's (2013) results demonstrate that, in response to unfamiliar (vs. familiar) conspecifics, people demonstrate reduced heart rates and faster avoidance behavior. Furthermore, in line with social categorization premises, Terrizzi, Shook, and McDaniel (2013) propose that a disease-avoidance motive encourages people to exhibit both negativity toward out-group members and positivity toward in-group members.…”

Section: Categorization Disease Avoidance and Perception Of Food Hementioning

confidence: 61%

Our Apples are Healthier than your Apples: Deciphering the Healthiness Bias for Domestic and Foreign Products

Gineikienė

Schlegelmilch

Ruževičiūtė

2016

Journal of International Marketing

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This study extends previous research by exploring perceptions of healthiness in the international food marketplace. To this end, it aims to fill an important gap by shedding light on the role of country of origin in shaping perceptions of healthiness. The authors provide evidence that domestic and foreign food products elicit different perceptions of healthiness. Consumers choose domestic products because they perceive them as healthier and more natural. The effect holds across different samples and product categories (apples, tomatoes, bread, and yogurt). However, this healthiness bias vanishes when products are presented as posing health risks and when products are introduced with a dual identity (i.e., both foreign and domestic). Researching these health-related effects helps provide a better understanding of consumer attitudes toward domestic- versus foreign-made food products.

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Section: Categorization Disease Avoidance and Perception Of Food Hementioning

confidence: 61%

Our Apples are Healthier than your Apples: Deciphering the Healthiness Bias for Domestic and Foreign Products

Gineikienė

Schlegelmilch

Ruževičiūtė

2016

Journal of International Marketing

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“…From this perspective, familiar people are less harmful than unknown people with another pool of bacteria that might be new to our immune system. Thus, sharing of the environment results in a reduction of disgust intensity toward familiar people (Peng, Chang, & Zhou, 2013;Stevenson & Repacholi, 2005).…”

Section: Disgust and Familiaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with expectations, this study provided converging evidence that the intensity of disgust responding varied as a function of the familiarity of the source of disgust. In other words, unfamiliar individuals generally triggered more disgust, which can partially be explained by the increased risk of contamination that unfamiliarity brings with it, due to a new pool of pathogens (e.g., Curtis, 2013;Peng et al, 2013;Stevenson & Repacholi, 2005). Thus, the finding that disgust was generally more easily elicited by unfamiliar (e.g., a stranger) than by familiar persons (e.g., a parent) is consistent with the conceptualization of disgust as a disease-avoidance mechanism, because increased disgust protects the youth from involvement in situations that are relatively high risk for contamination.…”

Section: Pattern Of Disgust Responding Subject To Familiaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, they may interpret a kiss on the mouth of a parent differently (i.e., in a nonsexual way) as compared to adolescents, who are sexually mature. Further, the relative low (sexrelevant) disgust expressed when the parents were the source of disgust, as compared to when the source of disgust was a stranger or best friend, may be explained by the more common phenomenon that familiar sources typically tend to elicit less disgust than unfamiliar sources (Peng et al, 2013;Stevenson & Repacholi, 2005).…”

Section: Sex-relevant Disgustmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disgust Toward Sex-Relevant and Sex-Irrelevant Stimuli in Pre-, Early, and Middle Adolescence

Borg

Hinzmann

Heitmann

et al. 2018

The Journal of Sex Research

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For prepubertal youth, sexual stimuli elicit disgust and avoidance, yet in adolescence this avoidance shifts to sexual approach. One explanation could be that disgust declines in adolescence. This project examined whether disgust is indeed lower in adolescence compared to preadolescence, and whether this difference across age groups would be restricted to sex-relevant disgust elicitors. We also examined whether the strength of disgust would depend on familiarity between participant and source. To examine disgust responses in youths, two cross-sectional studies (N = 248, ages six to 17 years) were conducted using scenario-based measurements. Disgust was overall higher in early adolescence than in preadolescence and relatively weak when the source of disgust was a familiar person. Specifically, when parents were the source, sex-relevant disgust was higher in the groups of early and middle adolescents than in the group of preadolescents. Sex-relevant disgust elicited by a stranger or best friend, however, was lower in middle than in early adolescence. The latter is consistent with the view that repeated confrontation with disgusting stimuli might attenuate disgust, which could contribute to healthy sexual functioning. The heightened sex-relevant disgust in middle adolescents when parents were the source might reflect a functional avoidance mechanism of inappropriate sex mates.

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“…Disgust functions as a defense system protecting the body from disease and illness (Haidt, ). This may entail either the expelling of noxious substances or avoiding contact with those objects that would elicit disgust (Peng, Chang, and Zhou, ; Tybur et al., ). This biological immune system is further enhanced by the human behavioral immune system (HBIS), in which members of social groups who are perceived as presenting potential pathogen‐carrying threats and demonstrate behaviors that evoke feelings of disgust are actively rejected or avoided (Neuberg, Kenrick, and Schaller, ; Schaller and Murray, ; Schaller and Park, ).…”

Section: Political Ideologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Predisposition Toward Disgust Affect Emotional Response to Political Leaders? Evidence from the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election

Stewart

George

Adams

2019

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective. We explore the effects of trait disgust sensitivity and induced disgust on emotional response to political leaders. We assert that disgust sensitivity, especially in response to pathogenbased stimuli (e.g., insects, feces, and vomit), will affect an individual's interaction with his or her political environment, including political leaders. Methods. We analyze the effect of individual predispositions in response to stimuli indicating the presence of pathogens on emotional response to President Barack Obama, as well as his Republican challenger during the 2012 election, Mitt Romney. Study 1 utilizes cross-sectional data to determine how disgust sensitivity relates to how President Obama made respondents feel. Study 2 analyzes experimental data considering the effect of a disgusting odorant (butyric acid) on emotional response to Obama and Romney. Results. Findings suggest disgust plays an important role in emotional response to political leaders both through trait sensitivity and when induced and it is particularly relevant to emotional responses to President Obama. Conclusions. Disgust, both as a trait sensitivity and as experimentally induced by an odorant, influences emotional response to the political environment, including high-profile political leaders.

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Physiological and behavioral responses to strangers compared to friends as a source of disgust

Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

Our Apples are Healthier than your Apples: Deciphering the Healthiness Bias for Domestic and Foreign Products

Our Apples are Healthier than your Apples: Deciphering the Healthiness Bias for Domestic and Foreign Products

Disgust Toward Sex-Relevant and Sex-Irrelevant Stimuli in Pre-, Early, and Middle Adolescence

Does Predisposition Toward Disgust Affect Emotional Response to Political Leaders? Evidence from the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election

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