Physiological and Behavioral Responses of Gray Wolves (Canis Lupus) to Immobilization With Tiletamine and Zolazepam

Kreeger, Terry J.; Seal, Ulysses S.; Callahan, Margaret K.; Beckel, Mark

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-26.1.90

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…e.g. ketamine and tiletamine are known to increase mean arterial pressure and heart rate in a number of domesticated and exotic species, as Ž well as humans Domino et al, 1965;Tweed et al, 1972;Kreeger et al, 1990;Wilson et al, 1993;. Caulkett and Cattet, 1997 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renal function in suckling and fasting pups of the northern elephant seal

Houser

Crocker

Webb

et al. 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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Elephant seals fast for prolonged periods without access to water. This is made possible, in part, by reductions in urine production. However, the mechanisms involved in reducing urine production are not understood. In this study, Ž . Ž . glomerular filtration rate GFR was measured in five northern elephant seal pups Mirounga angustirostris via the inulin clearance technique. Measurements were made during day 9 and day 18᎐22 of nursing and the second and eighth week of the postweaning fast. Plasma aldosterone and cortisol concentrations, quantified by radioimmunoassay, were measured in eight other weanlings during the second and eighth week of the fast. Mean GFR was 79.3" 29.3 mlrmin during the early suckling period and 78.2" 17.1, 89.8" 52.7, and 80.4" 12.2 mlrmin during the late suckling, early fasting and late fasting periods, respectively. Differences between nursing and fasting were insignificant, possibly because reduced protein oxidation during suckling and rapid recruitment of protein for tissue synthesis obviated the need for postprandial hyperfiltration. Alternatively, maintenance of GFR during fasting may facilitate urea concentration by compensating for reductions in the fractional excretion of urea. It is further hypothesized that aldosterone is primarily responsible for mediating renal water reabsorption in this system. ᮊ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 4-week suckling period, pups nearly triple their mass and deposit a considerable amount of adipose tissue, increasing adipose composition from 9% of mass at birth to nearly 50% Ž of mass at weaning Ortiz et al, 1978;Rea and Costa, 1992;Kretzmann et al, 1993;Crocker, . 1995 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal function in suckling and fasting pups of the northern elephant seal

Houser

Crocker

Webb

et al. 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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“…Reconstitution with 5 ml of sterile water results in a 100 mg/ml solution (Zoletil 100). Use of tiletaminezolazepam mixture on wildlife has been reported to be safe, with a short induction time, good muscle relaxation, smooth recovery with few convulsions, and with minimal effect on respiration, although emesis and excessive salivation may occur (Kreeger et al, 1990a;Ballard et al, 1991;Poole et al, 1993;Hale et al, 1994;Vila and Castrovejo, 1994;Lariviè re and Messier, 1996;Pond and O'Gara, 1996). Its wide safety margin is especially useful if the animal body weight can be only roughly estimated (Lariviè re and Messier, 1996) as under field conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemical Immobilization of Crested Porcupines with Tiletamine HCl and Zolazepam HCl (Zoletil®) under Field Conditions

Massolo

Sforzi

Lovari

2003

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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The combination of tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl has been used on many species of wild mammals. Short induction time, low dosage, satisfactory safety margins, relatively constant immobilization time, and smooth recovery are benefits reported. This combination (Zoletil 100) was used during a study on behavioural ecology of the crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) in a Mediterranean coastal area (Maremma Regional Park, Tuscany, Italy). We used this mixture 42 times on 31 individuals. Mean adult dose was (ϮSE) 7.24Ϯ0.37 mg/kg (74.0Ϯ3.0 mg/individual). Average adult induction time was 5.3 min (Ϯ1.1) and average adult immobilization time was 22.6 min (Ϯ6.0). One adult male porcupine died after chemical restraints. The use of tiletamine-zolazepam seems adequate for chemical immobilization of crested porcupines under field conditions, mainly because of its short induction time, small volume to be injected and wide safety margin.

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“…The similar RT obtained between animals immobilized with K-X (436 26 min) and Z (81640) is in agreement with previous studies on wild canids. A RT ranging from 45 to 60 min has been reported for wild coyotes immobilized with K-X (Mulder, 1978); a RT of 60 to 90 min was described in free-ranging gray foxes immobilized with ,10 mg/kg Z (Ballard et al, 1991); and a RT of ,40 min was found in captive gray wolves using similar dosages to those used in our study (i.e., 5 mg/kg of Z; Kreeger et al, 1990a). Nevertheless, the similar RT between K-X and Z could be an artifact of the small sample size of the group immobilized with Z (n55), resulting in no statistical difference between combinations even though animals immobilized with Z on average took twice as long to recover than those immobilized with K-X.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…These combinations have been widely used for immobilizing wild foxes worldwide (e.g., Kreeger et al, 1990b;Aguirre et al, 2000;Fuglei et al, 2002;Telesco and Sovada, 2002;Samelius et al, 2003;Baldwin et al, 2008); however, no studies have been published comparing their effects when used for restraining freeranging foxes. Although some studies have been conducted on the chemical immobilization of free-ranging carnivores in South America (e.g., Selmi et al, 2004;Soto-Azat et al, 2006), none has focused on the immobilization of wild foxes of the genus Pseudalopex under field conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chemical Immobilization Methods in Wild Foxes (Pseudalopex Griseus and Pseudalopex Culpaeus) in Chile

Acosta‐Jamett

Astorga

Cunningham

2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:We immobilized individuals of two species of free-ranging South American foxes, including 28 chilla foxes (Pseudalopex griseus; 13 males and 15 females) and five culpeo foxes (Pseudalopex culpaeus; four males and one female). Animals were trapped and chemically immobilized with ketamine and medetominide (K-M), ketamine and xylazine (K-X), or tiletaminezolazepam (Z). Heart and respiratory rates, hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2), rectal temperature, and palpebral and anal reflexes were measured at 5-min intervals. Data were analyzed to compare the effect of anesthetic combinations on induction and recovery times, body reflexes, and physiological variables over time. In both species, K-M gave the shortest induction time, followed by K-X and Z. Palpebral and anal reflexes in chilla foxes immobilized with K-M were maintained in more animals than those treated with either K-X or Z. Animals immobilized with Z had higher heart and respiratory rates than those immobilized with either of the other two combinations. Rectal temperature decreased over time for all combinations. Foxes immobilized with K-M maintained a higher SpO2 than those immobilized with either K-X or with Z. All anesthetic combinations were satisfactory in inducing rapid and safe immobilization of the species studied. The anesthetic plane and the effects on physiologic parameters were better in animals immobilized with K-M than with either K-X or Z, and we recommend this anesthetic combination for use in Chilean foxes. Nevertheless, all three drug combinations used were satisfactory in inducing rapid and relatively smooth anesthesia.

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Physiological and Behavioral Responses of Gray Wolves (Canis Lupus) to Immobilization With Tiletamine and Zolazepam

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Renal function in suckling and fasting pups of the northern elephant seal

Renal function in suckling and fasting pups of the northern elephant seal

Chemical Immobilization of Crested Porcupines with Tiletamine HCl and Zolazepam HCl (Zoletil®) under Field Conditions

Comparison of Chemical Immobilization Methods in Wild Foxes (Pseudalopex Griseus and Pseudalopex Culpaeus) in Chile

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