Physiologic and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture combined with intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine to provide analgesia in goats

Shah, Zahir; Hu, Man Li; Qiu, Zheng Y.; Zhou, Fei Y.; Zeng, Jie; Wan, Juan; Wang, Shao W.; Zhang, Wei; Ding, Ming

doi:10.2460/ajvr.77.3.252

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The sample size satisfied the deep sequencing, but may not be enough for the statistical analyses of nociceptive thresholds. Despite the small sample size, EA potent treatment effects, being consistent with a lot of previous reports with 6–8 sample numbers [ 31 , 36 , 48 ], made the experimental power more than 90%. In addition, we can only discuss several DEGs and enriched pathways that could be supported by the literature because of limited information about EAA in the available online data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Clinical studies have shown that EA in combination with analgesics reduces the required dose of analgesics in varies species. The potent analgesia induced by EA in goats (75% reduction of analgesic) [ 31 , 32 ] was superior than that in humans (48% reduction of analgesic) [ 33 ] or rats (50% reduction of analgesic) [ 34 ] if the species were not considered. Obviously, goats are optimal animals for studying the mechanism underlying EA-induced analgesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesia through RNA Sequencing of the Periaqueductal Gray

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Electroacupuncture (EA) can relieve various pains. However, its mechanism in terms of the transcriptome is still not well-known. To explore the full profile of EA-induced molecular modification in the central nerve system, three twins of goats were selected for a match-paired experiment: EA stimulation (60 Hz, 30 min) and none-EA (control). Goats in the EA group showed an increased (p < 0.05) nociceptive threshold compared with the control goats. Experimental goats were sacrificed at 4 h of the experiment, and the periaqueductal grays were harvested for RNA sequencing. As a result, 2651 differentially expressed genes (1803 up-regulated and 848 down-regulated genes) were found and enriched in 30 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and 149 gene ontology terms. EA-regulated five neuropeptide genes (proenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, preprodynorphin, diazepam-binding inhibitor and proprotein convertase 1 inhibitor) were validated with quantitative PCR. Furthermore, up-regulated glutamate receptors, glutamate transporters, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, GABA transporters, synaptotagmins or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes might contribute to EA-induced analgesia through regulating the glutamatergic synapse, GABAergic synapse, MAPKs, ribosome or ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Our findings reveal a full profile of molecular modification in response to EA and provide a solid experimental framework for exploring the mechanisms underlying EA-induced analgesia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesia through RNA Sequencing of the Periaqueductal Gray

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2017

IJMS

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“…One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ EA has been used for relieving various pains [72][73][74][75] , and Zusanli points (ST36) are classic acupoints for treating the visceral pain. Wu et al, 76 demonstrated that EA stimulation at ST36 resulted in attenuation of the acute inflammation-induced visceral pain in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture intervention of visceral hypersensitivity is involved in PAR-2-activation and CGRP-release in the spinal cord

Shah

Ding

Wan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Electroacupuncture (EA) relieves visceral hypersensitivity (VH) with underlying inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the mechanism by which EA treats ileitis-induced VH is not clearly known. To assess the effects of EA on ileitis-induced VH and confirm whether EA attenuates VH through spinal PAR-2 activation and CGRP release, goats received an injection of 2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic-acid (TNBS) solution into the ileal wall. TNBS-injected goats were allocated into VH, Sham acupuncture (Sham-A) and EA groups, while goats treated with saline instead of TNBS solution were used as the control. Goats in EA group received EA at bilateral Hou-San-Li acupoints for 0.5 h at 7 days and thereafter repeated every 3 days for 6 times. Goats in the Sham-A group were inserted with needles for 0.5 h at the aforementioned acupoints without any hand manipulation and electric stimulation. Visceromotor responses to colorectal distension, an indicator of VH, were recorded by electromyography. The terminal ileum and thoracic spinal cord (T 11) were sampled for evaluating ileitis at days 7 and 22, and distribution and expression-levels of PAR-2, CGRP and c-Fos on day 22. TNBStreated-goats exhibited apparent transmural-ileitis on day 7, microscopically low-grade ileitis on day 22 and VH at days 7-22. Goats of Sham-A, VH or EA group showed higher (P < 0.01) VH at days 7-22 than the Control-goats. EA-treated goats exhibited lower (P < 0.01) VH as compared with Sham-A or VH group. Immunoreactive-cells and expression-levels of spinal PAR-2, CGRP and c-Fos in the EA group were greater (P < 0.01) than those in the Control group, but less (P < 0.01) than those in Sham-A and VH groups on day 22. Downregulation of spinal PAR-2 and CGRP levels by EA attenuates the ileitis and resultant VH. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, immune-mediated and remittent-relapsing gastrointestinal inflammation. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the predominant clinical types of IBDs and their resultant symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, weight loss, abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity (VH) 1,2. There are two-thirds of IBD patients suffering from VH during their acute flares and remission 3,4. The persistent nature of VH impairs the patient's quality of life and consumes huge medical resources throughout the world. The environmental stress, inflammation and traumatic injuries trigger the development of VH. However, its underlying mechanism is not completely understood. A G-protein coupled receptor, PAR-2, is activated due to proteolytic cleavage of trypsin, tryptase and cathepsin-S 5-7. Over the years, studies have reported that the PAR-2 activation on resident mast cells, neutrophils or macrophages initiates for the release of inflammatory mediators, i.e., cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins, which triggers the production of neurogenic mediators, i.e., substance-P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the enteric neurons as well as afferent nerves to elicit eventually the VH 8-10. Cenac et al. 11 infu...

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“…Electroacupuncture (EA), an alternative of traditional acupuncture, has been widely used for treating various pathologic conditions with little side effect, especially pain disorders (such as post-operative pain, inflammatory pain, and neuropathic pain) in animals and humans (Zeng et al, 2016; Hu et al, 2017; Wan et al, 2017). EA in combination with analgesics or anesthetic (acupuncture-assisted anesthesia) reduces the doses of these drugs, shows better analgesic effects and extends its clinic application (Liu et al, 2009; Shah et al, 2016; Cui et al, 2017b). Studies demonstrate that EA stimulation for a short time (10–40 min) can induce analgesic effect (Wang et al, 2008; Zhao, 2008; Hu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expressing Patterns of Opioid Peptides, Anti-opioid Peptides and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous System Are Involved in Electroacupuncture Tolerance in Goats

et al. 2018

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To investigate dynamic processes of enkephalin (ENK), cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), orphanin FQ (OFQ) and their receptors (μ opioid receptor, MOR; CCK B type receptor, CCKBR and opioid receptor-like 1 receptor, OPRL1) in the central nerve system (CNS) during electroacupuncture (EA) tolerance, EA of Sixty Hz was used to stimulate goats for 6 h. Pain threshold was measured using potassium iontophoresis. The expression levels of ENK, CCK-8, and OFQ and their receptors were determined with ELISA and qPCR, respectively. The results showed that the change rates of pain threshold in EA-treated goats decreased from 89.9 ± 11.7% at 0.5 h to –11.4 ± 8.9% at 6 h. EA induced the decreased ENK and increased CCK-8 and OFQ in the most measured nuclei. EA caused decreased preproenkephalin mRNAs in ACB, CAU, PVH, and PAG at 4 h, and decreased or unchanged MOR mRNAs at 2–6 h, but increased CCK mRNAs in CAU, PVT, PVH, PAG, and SCD at 4–12 h. Increased prepronociceptin mRNAs and fluctuated CCKBR and OPLR1 mRNAs were found in the most measured nuclei. ENK levels were positively correlated (p < 0.01) with the change rates of pain thresholds in the measured nuclei or areas while CCK-8 levels (or OFQ levels) were negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with the pain thresholds in CAU (or CAU and ACB). These results suggest that the development and recovery of EA tolerance may be associated with the specific expression patterns of opioid peptides, anti-opioid peptides and their receptors in the analgesia-related nuclei or areas.

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Physiologic and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture combined with intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine to provide analgesia in goats

Abstract: Electroacupuncture in combination with a low dose of dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg, IM) administered to goats provided antinociception.

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Exploring the Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesia through RNA Sequencing of the Periaqueductal Gray

Exploring the Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesia through RNA Sequencing of the Periaqueductal Gray

Electroacupuncture intervention of visceral hypersensitivity is involved in PAR-2-activation and CGRP-release in the spinal cord

The Expressing Patterns of Opioid Peptides, Anti-opioid Peptides and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous System Are Involved in Electroacupuncture Tolerance in Goats

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