Physiochemical, minerals, phytochemical contents, antimicrobial activities evaluation and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves extracts

Abstract

The present research study was designed to characterize the physiochemical, minerals, phytochemicals, antimicrobial activities and FTIR spectra analysis of various extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves. The physiochemical and mineral content of H. rhamnoides L. leaves revealed that fiber was 18.0 ± 2.64%, protein was 10.45 ± 0.88% and carbohydrate value calculated was found to be 68.75 ± 1%. Sodium was 3,000 ± 1 ppm, calcium was 7,800 ± 1 ppm and potassium was 6,200 ± 2 ppm, referred to as a high concentration while qualitative phytochemicals investigation showed that tannins, phenols and flavonoids were present in large quantity. The highest antibacterial zone of inhibition was observed in aqueous and methanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae (21 ± 1 mm), and the lowest zone of inhibition measured 07 ± 0 mm against V. cholerae (ethyl acetate extracts). The antibacterial minimum inhibitory concentration values of extracts were determined, ranging between 40 to 120 mg/ml, and minimum bactericidal concentration values of the extracts ranged between 50 and 135 mg/ml. The highest antifungal zone of inhibition was calculated against Alternaria alternata (18 ± 0 mm) followed by Aspergillus parasiticus (17 ± 1 mm) of methanolic extract, while A. alternata (07 ± 1 mm) and Penicillium digitatum (07 ± 0 mm) were the least, found in chloroform and aqueous extract, respectively. Further assessment of antifungal minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration ranged between 40 to 135 and 50 to 180 mg/ml, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of all extracts revealed the presence of different functional groups ranging from hydroxyl (OH) stretching for hydroxyl group, alkanes (C-H), alkenes (C=C), aromatic rings (C=O), carboxylic (C=O) and amides (aromatic).

Comparative bioactive compounds and fourier transform infrared spectroscopic evaluation of Azadirachta indica extracts and its potential as bio-fungicides against plant pathogenic fungi

“…The plates were kept at room temperature for seven days in an incubator (Memmert-Germany) and then around the well the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was calculated in millimeter (mm) with the help of radius scale. The Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and synthetic antifungal agent Mancozeb (40 mg/mL) were applied as negative and positive control respectively (Bashir and Javid, 2013).…”

“…Incubation of the test tubes was carried out for seven days at 30oC and growth turbidity observation was noted if any. The minimum dosage in the test tubes, which observed no cloud, was recorded as the MIC (Bashir and Javid, 2013).…”

“…Then growth of colony was observed on the plates. The plate designates, as MFC was having the lowest tested materials concentration and with no appearance of colony (Bashir and Javid 2013).…”

“…FTIR measurement was applied to recognize the impact of functional groups as viable ingredients for the cure of numerous ailments (Mohan, 2001). Analysis by FTIR exposed the occurrence of numerous functional groups such as cycloalkanes groups, halogen, alkyl amines, alkanes, amides, alkynes, carboxylic acids and alcohols that might be active by yourself or in synergy, as reported by different researchers (Daoub et al, 2018;Diaz et al, 2011;Suleiman, 2017;Udo et al, 2017;Bashir and Javid, 2013;Javid et al, 2015). These functional groups reported antibacterial and antifungal potential (Basir and Javid, 2013;Javid et al, 2015).…”

Sea-buckthorn: a species with a variety of uses, especially in land reclamation

“…It is known that by consuming the berries in the morning, before the breakfast, the human body is becoming stronger and the aging is delayed (Cireașă et al 2005). According to a recent study (Ahmad and Ali 2013), sea-buckthorn leaves can represent a very rich source of several minerals and proteins for humans. It can be stated that all parts of this species contain very useful bioactive components (Christaki 2012), but these can vary with fruit size and maturity or climate conditions (Leskinen et al 2010).…”