Physio-mechanical and aggregate properties of limestones from Pakistan

Naeem, Muhammad Salman; Khalid, Perveiz; Sanaullah, Muhammad; Din, Zia Ud

doi:10.1007/s40328-014-0054-8

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Pakistan is abundant with limestone aggregates, produced by crushed intact rock. Margala hill Limestone, Kirana hills aggregate, Khyber Limestone, Wargal Limestone, Skaser Limestone, Kohat Carbonates are the major source of aggregate in Pakistan [1,[11][12][13]. These aggregates were utilized by the National Highway Authority (NHA) for the construction of highways, under China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) mega project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Assessment of Limestone Based on Engineering and Petrographic Analysis

et al. 2022

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The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a massive in-progress construction project in Pakistan that connects more than 70 countries via multiple trade channels such as highways, railways, roads, and fiber optics. This project also involves the development of local infrastructure and industrial zones in Pakistan, which demands the discovery of new resources of aggregate to facilitate the construction. Therefore, physical characterization research was carried out on the Kirman hill region (Jurassic limestone), District Kurram, Pakistan, to investigate their suitability for utilization as construction materials using site investigation and laboratory studies. The results outline that all typical engineering parameters are within acceptable limits set by international standards like BS, ASTM, and AASHTO. Bituminous tests revealed that Jurassic limestone is appropriate as an aggregate for asphalt wearing coarse. Likewise, the petrographic study performed shows proper matching with engineering tests. The petrographic analysis of Jurassic limestone showed a minute amount of deleterious content; as a result, it is resistant to Alkali silica reaction (ASR) and Alkali carbonate reaction (ACR) expansions. Based on engineering and petrographic analysis, the Jurassic limestone, Kirman hill region, District Kurram, Pakistan is recommended as a potential aggregate for (i.e., base course, subbase course, cement concrete, and asphalt) and other mega and minor civil construction projects. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-03-02 Full Text: PDF

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Assessment of Limestone Based on Engineering and Petrographic Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…The engineering related properties of the asphalt/cement mix design and fine and coarse aggregates are the major factors which play vital role in the durability of civil engineering structures (Masad et al, 2006;Neville, 2012). Aggregate used in mega projects should have engineering properties suitable to resist destructive factors during its course of life (Naeem et al, 2014). In order to evaluate engineering properties of aggregate, the procedures described by ASTM (1990), BS 812 (1990 and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO, 2009) were followed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate Suitability of the Late Permian Wargal Limestone at Kafar Kot Chashma Area, Khisor Range, Pakistan

Ullah¹,

Rehman²,

Ali

et al. 2020

IJEEG

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This study was carried out for the investigation of the Late Permian Wargal limestone at Kafar Kot Chashma area, Khisor Range to determine its suitability as an aggregate that is used in road construction and civil structures with the help of geological engineering testing. The results of geological engineering testing of Wargal limestone samples show the tolerable values of all standard engineering parameters including the Loss Angles Abrasion value (23.37%), Aggregate impact (16.8%), Crushing value 13.1%, Unit weight 1.67, Soundness (1.007%), Specific gravity (2.70), Water Absorption (0.48%), Flakiness Index (6.5%), Elongation value (7.1%), Coating of bitumen (> 95%), stripping of bitumen (<5%), California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value (93.6%), Maximum Dry Density 2.307g/c and Optimum Moisture Content (5.79%). As per different International and National Standards like AASHTO, ASTM, BS and NHA, the mentioned results of various engineering tests were within the tolerable limits. The petrography of the selected samples of the Late Permian Wargal limestone revealed very minor value of quartz (0.5%), hematite/limonite (0.6%) and clay content 1.0% showing the insignificant threat of ASR. The values of dolomite are limited to (1%) which shows that there is no ACR reaction with ordinary Portland cement. The results of geological and engineering parameters of the study area strongly suggest its suitability as a potential aggregate (i.e. for the base course, subbase course, cement concrete and asphalt) in the road construction.

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“…FI and El are physical properties which are related to shape of the aggregate fragments. Higher values indicate lower strength and anisotropic properties when used as aggregate for road and cement concrete (Naeem et al 2014).…”

Section: Engineering Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate suitability and Geo-chemical investigation of limestone for construction industries in Pakistan: An approach for economic development

Kamran¹,

Ali²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This study investigated the aggregate suitability and geo-chemical characteristics of limestone (LS) for construction industries. The results of aggregate parameters for different applications revealed that specific gravity (SG = 2.6), water absorption (WA = 0.47%), bulk density (BD = 1.58 g/cm3), flakiness index (FI = 16.8%), elongation index (EI = 16.39%), soundness (S = 1.6%), aggregate impact value (AIV = 14%), Los Angles Abrasion value (LAAV = 23.51%), clay lumps (CL = 0.35%), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS = 86.7 MPa), point load test (PLT = 5.18 MPa), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV = 5290 m/s) and Schmidt hammer rebound test (SHRT = 49 N) are in accordance with ASTM, ISRM and BSI. Petrographically, the LS is dominantly composed of ooids, peloids, bioclasts and calcite (CaCO3) with trace concentration of the dolomite. Geochemical results (n = 18) indicated that the LS is dominantly made up of calcite (95.81%); while on average it is composed of 52.08 wt.% CaO, 1.13 wt. % SiO2, 0.66 wt. %, MgO, 0.80 wt. % Al2O3, 0.76 wt. % Fe2O3 and LOI were recorded as 42.13 wt. %. Whereas, P2O5, TiO2, MnO, K2O and Na2O are found in trace amount. Regression analysis demonstrates that the empirical correlation equation for estimating uniaxial compressive strength with ultrasonic pulse velocity is more reliable than Schmidt hammer rebound test and point load test. The findings of this study strongly suggest LS of the area has a great potential as a raw material in construction industries.

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Physio-mechanical and aggregate properties of limestones from Pakistan

Abstract: Physical characterization study was carried out on limestones

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Resource Assessment of Limestone Based on Engineering and Petrographic Analysis

Resource Assessment of Limestone Based on Engineering and Petrographic Analysis

Aggregate Suitability of the Late Permian Wargal Limestone at Kafar Kot Chashma Area, Khisor Range, Pakistan

Aggregate suitability and Geo-chemical investigation of limestone for construction industries in Pakistan: An approach for economic development

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