Physicochemical properties of fluorine-containing electrolytes for lithium batteries

A brief review on hydrometallurgical technologies for recycling spent lithium‐ion batteries

“…The electrolyte is a reservoir of lithium and contains a high‐grade lithium salt (LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , etc.) dissolved in a dipolar aprotic solvent such as a mixture of alkyl carbonates, lactone, etc . The separator is a micro‐porous polymer membrane allowing lithium ions to pass through the pores, which prevents short‐circuits between the cathode and the anode.…”

“…Most lithium‐ion systems use an electrolyte containing high‐grade lithium salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) or lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) dissolved in a dipolar aprotic organic solvent, for example carbonates or lactones, and cathode compounds with the formula LiXMA 2 (X = metal) such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 or LiMn 2 O 4 , and graphite as the anode . Nevertheless, the need for high‐energy batteries for electric vehicles will imply the use of other materials in future generations of high voltage lithium‐ion batteries (5 volt batteries).…”

Trifluoromethanesulfonamides and Related Compounds

“…Lithium triflimide salt was extensively studied as a dopant in various electrolytes. As compared to other lithium fluorinated salts (LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , and LiTf) it has excellent solubility, chemical and thermal stability, and high conductivity, but, at the high oxidation potentials, it corrodes the aluminum electrode collector. , Other polyfluorinated lithium and other alkali metal imide salts were also synthesized and examined as new electrolytes. − …”

“…As compared to other lithium fluorinated salts (LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , and LiTf) it has excellent solubility, chemical and thermal stability, and high conductivity, but, at the high oxidation potentials, it corrodes the aluminum electrode collector. 115,326 Other polyfluorinated lithium and other alkali metal imide salts were also synthesized and examined as new electrolytes. 327−330 A number of works were devoted to the investigation of electrolytes prepared by dissolving lithium triflimide in polymers, in particular in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO).…”

Electrolyte Solvation and Ionic Association III. Acetonitrile-Lithium Salt Mixtures–Transport Properties

“…The viscosity of electrolyte mixtures is most commonly modeled using the Jones-Dole (JD) equation. [3][4][5] This can be extended (to include a third term) [6][7][8][9] to give:…”