Physicochemical characterization of porcine pararotavirus and detection of virus and viral antibodies using cell culture immunofluorescence

Terrett, L A; Saif, L J; Theil, Kenneth W.; Kohler, Erwin M.

doi:10.1128/jcm.25.2.268-272.1987

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Based on limited serological surveys, we know that group C rotaviruses are widespread in pigs (2,19,22,26,28), suggesting that these infections may be endemic, like group A rotaviruses. In a limited survey of U.S. swine herds, Terrett et al (26) reported that about half of the 3-to 6-week-old pigs tested had group C antibodies and that all adult swine tested were positive for group C antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(v) CCIF tests for the detection for group A and C rotavirus antigens. Confluent monolayers of MA104 cells in 96-well microplates were infected with the fecal samples diluted with minimal essential medium (MEM) (0.2 ml per well) as described previously (26). After incubation at 37°C for 20 h, the infected cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) and fixed with 80% acetone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Group C rotaviruses were first detected in swine in 1980 (21) and were subsequently identified in humans, ferrets, and cattle (2,3,13,24,27,29). Previous studies indicated that group C rotavirus infections are widespread in swine and humans in some parts of the world (1, 2, 4, 10, 15-19, 22, 25), and most adult swine have been found to have antibodies against group C rotaviruses in limited surveys (2,19,22,26). Although group C rotaviruses have been reported as a cause of sporadic diarrhea in nursing or recently weaned pigs (17,19,21,22), to our knowledge, there have been no reports of epidemic diarrhea cases in older pigs.…”

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Characterization of Group C Rotaviruses Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Feeder Pigs

et al. 1999

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Feces and serum specimens were collected from three farms in Michigan on which ∼50-lb (8- to 9-week-old) pigs experienced diarrhea just after placement into all-in-all-out finishing barns. The clinical signs (profuse watery diarrhea lasting about 2 weeks and no vomiting) were similar on all farms, and the morbidity rate was high (ranging from 60 to 80%) but without mortality. Eleven diarrheic fecal samples from the farms were tested for group A and C rotaviruses by immune electron microscopy (IEM) and various assays. IEM indicated that the fecal samples reacted only with antiserum against group C rotaviruses, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the samples had characteristic genomic electropherotypes for group C rotavirus. Group C rotavirus was detected by cell culture immunofluorescence (CCIF) tests in nine fecal samples, but no group A rotavirus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or CCIF. By reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, all 11 fecal samples were positive for group C rotaviruses, with only 2 samples positive for group A rotaviruses. However, a second amplification of RT-PCR products using nested primers detected group A rotaviruses in all samples. Analysis of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the RT-PCR product (partial-length VP7) of the group C rotavirus showed 87.2 to 91% nucleotide identity and 92.6 to 95.9% amino acid identity among two strong samples from the different farms and the Cowden strain of porcine group C rotavirus. All nine convalescent-phase serum samples tested had neutralizing antibodies to the Cowden strain, and the majority of them had neutralizing antibody against group A rotaviruses (OSU or/and Gottfried strains) by fluorescent focus neutralization tests. Although group C rotaviruses have been reported as a cause of sporadic diarrhea in suckling or weanling pigs, to our knowledge, this is the first report of epidemic diarrhea outbreaks associated with group C rotavirus in older pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Group C Rotaviruses Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Feeder Pigs

et al. 1999

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“…For detection, the virus has to be isolated in MA104 cell lines, similar to most of the mammalian rotaviruses. Diagonsis has also been facilitated by electron microscopy of diarrheic feces or immunofluorescence testing of tissue specimens (Terrett et al 1987). For differential diagnosis, recently, a multiplex RT-PCR has been developed which could ably differentiate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine group A rotavirus (Song et al 2006).…”

Section: Disease In Other Domestic Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals

et al. 2008

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Rotavirus diarrhea is the major cause of death of millions of children in developing countries besides causing economically significant malady in neonates of many domestic animals. In neonates, the infection is non-viremic, have very short incubation period, and manifests profuse diarrhea and severe dehydration. Concurrent infection with secondary pathogens may augment the disease severity. Diarrhea occurs due to virus-mediated destruction of absorption efficient enterocytes, activation of enteric nervous system, or due to a rotavirus enterotoxin. Diagnosis of the infection relies on conventional techniques like isolation in MA 104 cell lines, electron microscopy, electro-pherotyping, and various serological tests. Presently, diagnosis and molecular typing is performed using serotype specific RT-PCR, sequencing or genomic hybridization techniques. As the rotaviruses are known to exhibit extreme genetic diversity and outplay disinfection procedures, eradication of the pathogen is often difficult. Hence, for prevention, good management practices coupled with vaccination of dam for protecting young ones, has to be practiced. Recently, new generation prophylactic strategies including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs) and edible vaccines have been found to induce sufficient levels of passive immunity. Aside to the infection in animals, zoonotic significance of the animal rotaviruses has to be further unearthed. In this review, efforts have been made to highlight the importance and prevalence of the disease in bovines, its pathogenesis along with preventive measures, salient features of rotaviruses and their inter-species transmission abilities, zoonotic implications, and a concise account of the infection in various domestic animals and poultry.

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“…Fecal shedding of porcine GCRVs has been reported in nursing, weaning, and postweaning pigs with diarrhea either alone or in mixed infection with other enteric pathogens (Kim et al, 1999;Martella et al, 2007a;Morin et al, 1990;Saif and Jiang, 1994;Saif et al, 1980;Sigolo de San Juan et al, 1986). Moreover, porcine GCRVs are wide spread in swine herds; in limited surveys, antibody prevalence against GCRVs in pigs is 28-70% by 8 weeks of age, increasing with age to reach 79-100% in adult pigs (Saif and Jiang, 1994;Terrett et al, 1987;Tsunemitsu et al, 1992). However, the epidemiological significance of these observations is limited, given the limited number of studies and restricted geographical scope of such investigations (Collins et al, 2008;Janke et al, 1990;Kim et al, 1999;Martella et al, 2007a;Morin et al, 1990;Saif and Jiang, 1994;Saif et al, 1980;Sigolo de San Juan et al, 1986;Will et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and molecular characterization of porcine group C rotaviruses in South Korea

Jeong

Park

Hosmillo

et al. 2009

Veterinary Microbiology

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Group C rotaviruses (GCRVs) cause acute diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide and the evidence for a possible zoonotic role of GCRVs has been recently provided. However, there is little evidence of porcine GCRV infections or of their genetic diversity in South Korea. We examined 137 diarrheic fecal specimens from 55 farms collected from six provinces. RT-PCR utilizing primer pairs specific for the GCRV VP6 gene detected GCRV-positive reactions in 36 (26.2%) diarrheic fecal samples. Of these, 17 samples (12.4%) tested positive for porcine GCRVs alone and 19 samples (13.8%) were also positive for other pathogens. Other enteric pathogens except for GCRV were detected in 64 feces samples (46.7%) and no enteric pathogens were evident in 37 feces samples (27.0%). Phylogenetic and sequence homology analyses of GCRV partial VP6 gene between 23 Korean and other known porcine GCRVs demonstrated that Korean strains belonged to the porcine lineage. Furthermore, one Korean porcine strain shared the highest nucleotide (89.7-89.0%) and deduced amino acid sequence (92.9-93.9%) identities with bovine GCRV strains and was placed in the bovine GCRV lineage indicative of bovine origin. In conclusion, porcine GCRV infections are widespread in piglets with diarrhea in South Korea. The infecting porcine GCRVs mostly belong to the porcine lineage with the exception of one bovine-like GCRV, which possibly originated from bovine GCRV due to interspecies transmission.

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Physicochemical characterization of porcine pararotavirus and detection of virus and viral antibodies using cell culture immunofluorescence

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Characterization of Group C Rotaviruses Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Feeder Pigs

Characterization of Group C Rotaviruses Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Feeder Pigs

Rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals

Detection and molecular characterization of porcine group C rotaviruses in South Korea

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