Physicochemical characterization of nanobidentate ferrocene‐based Schiff base ligand and its coordination complexes: Antimicrobial, anticancer, density functional theory, and molecular operating environment studies

Abstract

A novel bidentate Schiff base ligand (HL, Nanobidentate Ferrocene based Schiff base ligand L (has one replaceable proton H)) was prepared via the condensation of 2‐amino phenol with 2‐acetyl ferrocene. The ligand was characterized using elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 1proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H‐NMR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal analysis. The corresponding 1:1 metal complexes with some transition‐metal ions were additionally characterized by their elemental analysis, molar conductance, SEM, and thermogravimetric ana1ysis (TGA). The complexes had the general formula [M(L)(Cl)(H2O)3]xCl·nH2O (M = Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II)), (x = 0 for Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II), x = 1 for Cr(III) and Fe(III)), (n = 1 for Cr(III), n = 3 for Mn(II) and Co(II), n = 4 for Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II)). Density functional theory calculations on the HL ligand were also carried out in order to clarify molecular structures by the B31YP exchange‐correlation function. The results were subjected to molecular orbital diagram, highest occupied mo1ecu1ar orbital–lowest occupied molecular orbital, and molecular electrostatic potential calculations. The parent Schiff base and its eight metal complexes were assayed against four bacterial species (two Gram‐negative and two‐Gram positive) and four different antifungal species. The HL ligand was docked using molecular operating environment 2008 with crystal structures of oxidoreductase (1CX2), protein phosphatase of the fungus Candida albicans (5JPE), Gram(−) bacteria Escherichia coli (3T88), Gram(+) bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (3Q8U), and an androgen‐independent receptor of prostate cancer (1GS4). In order to assess cytotoxic nature of the prepared HL ligand and its complexes, the compounds were screened against the Michigan cancer foundation (MCF)‐7 breast cancer cell line, and the IC50 values of compounds were calculated.

Synthesis, structural characterization, and in vitro biological activity studies of ternary metal complexes of 1,10‐phenanthroline and the anti‐inflammatory bromhexine drug

“…S. aureus has not been the subject of an authorized vaccine despite extensive study and development 42 . Based on the information in Table 7, the Cu(II) complex exhibits the strongest attachments with the crystal structure of S. aureus (PDB ID: 3Q8U), with a minimum binding energy of about 7.5 kcal/mol 43 . See Figures 7 and 8.…”

Heteroleptic silver(I), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes of N4‐substituted thiosemicarbazones and ciprofloxacin: Theoretical, in vitro anti‐proliferative, and in silico molecular modeling and pharmacokinetics studies

“…The red colored region is the preferred site for electrophilic attack by the metal ions during the complexation process, MEP plot showed that thione sulfur and hydrazine nitrogen atoms are the atoms where metal ions can bind. [ 52 ]…”

Novel Ferrocenyl‐azole Derivatives: Synthesis, DFT Calculation and Unlocking the Anticancer Potential

“…Computational study is a significant method to generate optimal geometry, electronic structure, [37] and evaluate multiple characteristics of the molecular structure, [38] stability, [39] reactivity, [40] and biological activity. [41][42][43] The geometry of compound 4 ac and 5 ad were optimized in the gas phase using B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory, without using any symmetry constraint (Figure 2). To assess the energetic behaviour of the 4 ac and 5 ad compounds, HOMO-LUMO energy calculations were performed.…”