Physicochemical aspects of titanium slag production and solidification

Abstract

The titanium-rich slags produced by ilmenite smelting are unusual in several respects, including their low viscosity, high electrical conductivity, propensity to solidify predominantly as one phase (pseudobrookite), and reactivity (with oxidizers) in the liquid and solidified form. The low viscosity is related to the unexpectedly "basic" behavior of Ti 4ϩ ; the high conductivity is likely through an electron transfer mechanism involving the Ti 4ϩ -Ti 3ϩ pair; the oxidation behavior is caused by the presence of a significant amount of Ti 3ϩ . Possible reasons for the nearly single-phase structure of the solidified slag are considered, and it is concluded that the most likely cause is the presence of a eutectic groove close to the M 3 O 5 (pseudobrookite) composition. This conclusion was tested by examining the compositions and microstructure of slag samples from a pilot smelter. The results show that the slags do contain a small amount of rutile, in line with predictions.

Oxidation Kinetics and Oxygen Capacity of Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag under Dynamic Oxidation Conditions

“…The suspended iron beads in the molten slag are oxidized via the following Equation (7) [12][13][14][15]:…”

“…Solids particles, such as TiC and TiN, are usually wrapped around the iron beads surface in the slag to decrease the surface tension, which results in a high metallic iron content in the slag [14].…”

Effect of Na₂B₄O₇ Addition on Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite Concentrate

“…Titania slag which was prepared by smelting ilmenite concentrates in an electric arc furnace (EAF) can be served as a superior quality raw materials containing titanium to the subsequent process. [1][2][3] Therefore, titania slag production is essential to improve the comprehensive level of titanium resource utilization. The smelting process of EAF is the current mainstream treatment process.…”

Kinetics of Direct Reduction Titanomagnetite Briquette Produced from Rossetta-Ilmenite via Hydrogen

“…Reduction behaviour of titanomagnetite ore attracts attention from the viewpoint of its commercial processing and is extremely interesting from the viewpoint of the effect of the ore chemistry and morphology on reduction mechanisms and kinetics [2]. In the past decades, a number of studies have been conducted to improve the utilization of titaniferous ores, including smelting [3], direct acid leaching [4], selective chlorination [5] and reduction [6]. Among these, the direct reduced iron (DRI) process is supposed to be a more practical and effective way.…”