Physicochemical and microbiological quality of the public water supply in 38 cities from the midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

The public water supply is a constant subject of concern since its quality depends on many different factors. The intention of this paper was to evaluate the quality of the public water supply in 38 cities from the midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, during the year of 2016. The parameters investigated included free residual chlorine, pH, apparent color, turbidity, fluoride, nitrate, and the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. In total, from the 2,897 samples of water under analysis, 545 (18.81%) samples conflicted with the country's current legislation. The highest rates of noncompliance were related to fluoride contents and the presence of total coliforms. In addition, high nitrate concentrations (>10 mg/L NO3‐N) were observed in one of the cities’ water sample. Our data display the major critical points of the water offered to the population and expose the potential risks for human health, indicating the need of a regular surveillance of the water and the adoption of corrective and preventive measures, in order to avoid the waterborne diseases occurrence, thus contributing to the population's health improvement. Practitioner points Approximately 20% of the unsatisfactory water samples. High nitrate concentrations in public supply water. Potential risks for human health.

Qualidade da água para consumo humano no Brasil: revisão integrativa da literatura

“…Quanto aos demais artigos, foi selecionado apenas um estudo no Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Catarina e um estudo que abordou as 27 capitais brasileiras. O fato de a maioria das pesquisas ter sido no estado de São Paulo decorre, provavelmente, da densidade populacional, falta de segurança e controle 36 na qualidade da água que permanece em algumas regiões do estado 38 , consequência da falta de tratamento e por ter sido o estado precursor das questões legais relacionadas a potabilidade da água 31,41 . últimos anos avanços quanto a canalização da água distribuída 8,9,14 , houve um incremento no número de pesquisas que abordou a qualidade da água a partir de 2015, a maioria de abordagem quantitativa, e que analisou os parâmetros legais 21,22,24,26,27,28,33,34,35,36,37,39,40,41 .…”

“…Constatou-se a precariedade dos serviços de saneamento básico. Em relação aos dados contidos na Tabela 3, destacam-se, dentre as substâncias químicas analisadas: o fluoreto, presente em oito estudos 30,31,33,35,36,39,40,41 , o parâmetro microbiológico, analisado em seis 32,34,36,37,38,41 , seguido da turbidez em cinco estudos 32,33,36,37,41 .…”

Municipality-Level Characteristics Associated with Very Low to Good Quality of Water Fluoridation in São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2015

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“…It is a low cost product that can inactivate microorganisms in a short time. (Palmeira et al 2019). The chlorine concentration nonconformity rate is an important indicator of treated water quality (World Health Organization 2017), and a direct association with fluoridation quality could be expected.…”

Monitoring of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmine in a Constructed Lake to Public Catchment in Southern Brazil

“…Volatile compounds generated by harmful algae blooms (HABs) and cyanobacteria blooms (cHABs) potentially explain why these characteristics are present in water, making them a significant problem worldwide. Countries with the highest frequencies of these events are also the most productive in terms of solution development and understanding of the problem, with the USA and China as the main "hot spots" for this type of study (CARMICHAEL;BOYER 2016;JOHN et al, 2018;PALMEIRA et al, 2019).…”