Physico-fracture Characteristics of Makhana (Euryale ferox) Seeds

Abstract

The fracture characteristics of Makhana (Euryale ferox) seed kernels were determined at moisture contents varying from 10.28 to 15.2% (dry basis), as a function of compressive force, deformation, and energy absorbed. The force required for kernel rupture decreased as the temperature and time of roasting increased while moisture content of the seed decreased. The deformation of the seed at the point of rupture was found to be in the range of 1.69 to 2.95 mm. Energy absorbed per unit volume, sphericity and angle of repose increased linearly with increasing moisture content and were found to be in the range of 310 to 822 mJ, 0.97 to 0.98, and 46 to 50°, respectively.

Dielectric Roasting Induced Physical, Mechanical, and Grinding Characteristics of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)

“…The decrease in fracturability positively correlated with a decrease in hardness, with an increase in power/temperature and roasting time owing to the formation of more crumbled and fragile kernels with a reduction in moisture content and an increase in internal pressure at high temperature [41,54]. The findings were correlated with Nikzadeh and Sedaghat [55] for electric oven roasting of pistachio nut (90, 120, and 150 °C for 30 min), Murthy et al [56] for sand roasting of wheat (300 ± 10 °C for 15-18, 25-30, and 80-100 s), Suri et al [47] for peanut kernels, Mohammadi Moghaddam et al [57] for pistachio nut/kernel, Arjun et al [58] for makhana seeds, and Sharanagat et al [27] for roasted chickpea.…”

In-vitro and in-vivo Immunomodulatory Effect of Polyherbal Suspension on Cyclophosphamide Induced Experimental Animal

“…17,18 E. ferox is commonly known as 'Makhana' in India. 19 Its seeds are very nutritious and possess numerous biological activities such as immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antidepressant and anti-cancerous properties. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Trapa natans is also called "Shingada" in India.…”