Physico-Chemical Processes for the Treatment of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A review

Nzeribe, Blossom N.; Crimi, Michelle; Thagard, Selma Mededovic; Holsen, Thomas M.

doi:10.1080/10643389.2018.1542916

Cited by 187 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Most mechanisms support the hypothesis of the sulfonate group being cleaved first instead of shorter chain sulfonates being formed (Franke, Schafers, Lindberg, & Ahrens, 2019). The degradation pathway using the hydrated electron approach involves a reductive process resulting in defluorination before the formation of shorter chain intermediates that retain the terminal SO 3 − group (Bentel et al, 2019; Nzeribe et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common technologies, at this point, for PFAS treatment in water involve sorption of the PFAS onto media such as activated carbon or ion exchange media resulting in a waste stream that requires further treatment such as incineration and/or thermal regeneration if treating above ground. Alternative technologies that destroy PFAS such as oxidative and reductive technologies are currently being investigated (Nzeribe, Crimi, Thagard, & Holsen, 2019; Wang et al, 2017). It is unclear whether the destructive technologies will be effective or economical in comparison to the sorption/incineration remedies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of PFAS treatment technology: Alkaline ozonation

Thomas

Jenkins²,

Landale³

et al. 2020

Remediation Journal

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A bench‐scale treatability study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of alkaline ozonation on removing per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) present in groundwater at a former industrial site in Michigan. The study involved testing the PFAS‐impacted groundwater under alkaline ozonating conditions under a range of experimental conditions, including modifying pH, hydrogen peroxide‐to‐ozone molar ratio doses, length of ozonation pretreatment times, and sampling techniques. PFAS‐spiked samples were used to determine if inorganic ions such as fluoride (F−), sulfate (SO42−), formate (HCOO−), acetate (CH3COO−), and trifluoroacetate (CF3COO−) were generated or if there were decreases in total organic fluorine resulting from PFAS treatment. The results from all tests indicate that decreases in PFAS concentrations were due to a combination of removal and destructive mechanisms with enhanced removal under acidic pH ozonation pretreatment conditions. Short‐chain PFAS concentrations increased during the experiments followed by an overall decrease in concentration under continuous alkaline ozonation conditions. Reductions in concentrations in perfluorooctane sulfonic acid of 75–97% were observed. Reductions in concentrations were also observed in other PFAS such as 6:2 FTS, PFHxS, PFOA, and PFNA. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that alkaline ozonation has been performed on PFAS‐impacted water while monitoring a larger suite of PFAS analytes in addition to destruction byproducts. Treatment of PFAS under the conditions discussed in this paper suggests that alkaline ozonation may be a viable remediation option for PFAS‐impacted waters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of PFAS treatment technology: Alkaline ozonation

Thomas

Jenkins²,

Landale³

et al. 2020

Remediation Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The alternative approaches are emerging as more mobile options using small‐scale plants, which could be applied at sites where PFAS waste concentrates are generated. Based on numerous sources, an approximate range of energy demand per volume treated for plasma, electrochemical treatment, and sonolysis is 0.01 to 0.5‐kW h per liter (kW‐h/L; 0.04 to 1.9 kW‐h per gallon [kW‐h/gal]; e.g., Gomez‐Ruiz et al ; Soriano et al ; Kempisty et al ; Nzeribe et al ; Singh et al , ). However, approximating a range of energy demand for these relevant technologies is difficult to accurately summarize due to the variety of operating conditions within the respective studies when the energy demand was determined.…”

Section: Identifying the Destructive Technology “Strike Zone”mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residence times associated with PFAS destruction are believed to approximately range from 30 min to 8 h (e.g., Mader et al ; Mitchell et al ; Gomez‐Ruiz et al ; Bentel et al ; Nzeribe et al ; Singh et al , ). The broad range of residence times provided represents the different applications reported in the literature and varies according to the targeted destructive mechanism, the influent PFAS concentration, the geochemistry of the treated matrix, and the targeted degree of defluorination.…”

Section: Identifying the Destructive Technology “Strike Zone”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Managing the Potential By‐Products of PFAS Destruction

Horst

McDonough

Ross

et al. 2020

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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“…To lower the required energy amount, the use of catalytically active materials can be advisable [ 59 , 60 , 61 ]. The latest developments of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including chemical oxidation (e.g., persulfate oxidation, ozonation), photooxidation, electrochemical or thermal oxidation, have been recently reviewed by several authors [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ]. In contrast to oxidative processes, reduction involves the direct transformation of electrons from a reducing agent with a lower reduction potential compared to the substrate.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Liquid Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductive Defluorination and Mechanochemical Decomposition of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): From Present Knowledge to Future Remediation Concepts

Roesch

Vogel

Simon

2020

IJERPH

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Over the past two decades, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have emerged as worldwide environmental contaminants, calling out for sophisticated treatment, decomposition and remediation strategies. In order to mineralize PFAS pollutants, the incineration of contaminated material is a state-of-the-art process, but more cost-effective and sustainable technologies are inevitable for the future. Within this review, various methods for the reductive defluorination of PFASs were inspected. In addition to this, the role of mechanochemistry is highlighted with regard to its major potential in reductive defluorination reactions and degradation of pollutants. In order to get a comprehensive understanding of the involved reactions, their mechanistic pathways are pointed out. Comparisons between existing PFAS decomposition reactions and reductive approaches are discussed in detail, regarding their applicability in possible remediation processes. This article provides a solid overview of the most recent research methods and offers guidelines for future research directions.

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Physico-Chemical Processes for the Treatment of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A review

Cited by 187 publications

References 139 publications

Evaluation of PFAS treatment technology: Alkaline ozonation

Evaluation of PFAS treatment technology: Alkaline ozonation

Understanding and Managing the Potential By‐Products of PFAS Destruction

Reductive Defluorination and Mechanochemical Decomposition of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): From Present Knowledge to Future Remediation Concepts

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