Physico-chemical characters of the water in rice fields in relation to their suitability for breeding of the mosquito larvae, Anopheles sinensis

Ikemoto, Takaya; Sakaki, Ikuko

doi:10.7601/mez.30.87

Cited by 5 publications

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“…These factors fluctuate greatly in the rice field ecosystem after the application of fertilizers incorporating them. Ikemoto & Sakaki (1979) observed a positive relationship between ammonia nitrogen in rice field water and larval abundance. Broadcasting of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer was found to enhance the mosquito larval population (Simpson & Roger, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the abundance of Japanese encephalitis vectors in ricefields in India – I. Abiotic

Sunish

Reuben

2001

Medical Vet Entomology

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Mosquitoes of the Culex vishnui subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae) are the most important vectors of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and ricefields are their most productive breeding sites in south India, where predominant species of this subgroup are Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Cx. pseudovishnui Colless and Cx. vishnui Theobald sensu stricto. The relationship of 13 abiotic variables with the abundance of Cx. vishnui subgroup immatures was investigated in transplanted rice fields for 3 years (1991-94) covering three different crop seasons. The results from the multiple regression model suggested paddy height (- ve), water temperature (+ ve), dissolved oxygen (- ve), ammonia nitrogen (- ve) and nitrate nitrogen (+ ve) to be the best predictor variables associated with the immature abundance, nearly always consistent in their effects within and between seasons. Application of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers to the rice fields was followed by a rise in concentration of ammonia nitrogen and a subsequent increase in nitrate nitrogen level in the rice field water, during which an increase in the density of larval instars was observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the abundance of Japanese encephalitis vectors in ricefields in India – I. Abiotic

Sunish

Reuben

2001

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…In rice fields of South India, it was observed that fertilizer application was followed by a rise in concentration of nitrogen compounds in the water and a subsequent increase in larval density (Sunish et al 1998, Sunish & Reuben 2001. Ikemoto and Sakaki (1979) observed a high degree of positive correlation between the number of Anopheles sinensis immatures and ammonianitrogen concentrations in the rice field water. They concluded that amount of ammonia-nitrogen in the water greatly influences the oviposition of these mosquitoes.…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of urea in the oviposition behaviour of Japanese encephalitis vectors in rice fields of South India

Sunish

Rajendran

Reuben

2003

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The effect of urea on the oviposition behaviour of culicine vectors of Japanese encephalitis was studied in rice fields. Gravid Mosquitoes use a complex integrated sensory system for selecting an oviposition site (Vrtiska & Pappas 1984).Long-range cues, probably involving vision, allow mosquitoes to identify different habitats (Bidlingmayer 1975) tritaeniorhynchus was not always adaptive in site selection, as the females were often found ovipositing on water unsuitable for larval development (Mogi 1978).The objective of the present study was to determine the role of urea, a synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer, as an oviposition attractant/stimulant for the mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus. During a routine survey of mosquito immatures, clustering of egg rafts was observed in a localized area in a rice field at Soundarasolapuram village, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu State. It was later found that the farmer had selectively treated this patch with urea on the previous day, as he felt the plants were stunted. This observation prompted this exploration of the role of urea on the oviposition behaviour of vectors of JE.This study is a part of the PhD Thesis submitted to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. A series of three experiments was conducted in rice fields 10 days after transplantation. Metal quadrats of size 0.1 m 2 open at both ends were used for the experiment. One end of the quadrat was pushed into the bottom mud of the rice field, while the other end remained at least 5 cm above the water surface, thus preventing the mixing of water in the quadrat and the main field. The water in the quadrat was filtered to remove insect predators. In the first experiment, three paddy fields were selected and four quadrats were placed equidistant from each other at least 25 m apart in each of the rice fields sampled in each field. Two quadrats (T1) were treated (surface-applied) with a dose of 1 g urea/0.1 m 2 , while the other two were kept as untreated controls (T2). In the second experiment, the dosage of urea was increased to 2 g urea/0.1 m 2 . In the third experiment, five transplanted rice fields were selected and three quadrats were placed in each field. One set of quadrat was treated with a dose of 1 g urea/0.1 m 2 (T1), the second set (T2) had a one l cylindrical plastic container of diameter 10 cm placed in it; which was filled with mud for 2 cm depth, and urea with similar dosage as that of T1 (1 g/0.1 m 2 ) was sprinkled in the mud filled container. The container was covered with mosquito netting, to prevent the gravid females from contacting the treated water surface, but allowed the volatile fractions to escape into the atmosphere. The container was placed in the centre of the quadrat with its mouth well above the water surface, and with enough space around it so that the gravid females had access to the water surface in the quadrat. The third set of quadrats (T3) without urea application was kept as control for comparison.In all the three experiments, the number of e...

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“…It has also been observed that rice fields treated with urea are more attractive as oviposition sites for culicine and anopheline mosquitoes than untreated areas (Victor & Reuben, ; Sunish et al ., ). Ikemoto and Sakaki () found that increased ammonia‐nitrogen in rice field water resulted in increased oviposition of Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae). Ammonium enrichment has also been found to significantly increase the larval abundance of Culex spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of the response ofAedes albopictus(Stegomyia albopicta) to three oviposition attractants and different ovitrap placements using black and clear autocidal ovitraps in a rural area of Same,Timor‐Leste

Anderson

Davis

2014

Medical Vet Entomology

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Known oviposition attractants or stimulants were compared, singly and in combination, using inexpensive autocidal ovitraps designed to trap emerging adults, in a rural area of Timor-Leste during the dry season. In this area, the dengue vector Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) was abundant, but Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) L. was not detected. The attractants were: (a) a compound found in Aedes eggs (dodecanoic acid); (b) components of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium-based (NPK) fertilizer, and (c) infusions of discarded cigarette butts. A solution of ammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate was significantly more attractive to gravid Ae. albopictus than water only. Dodecanoic acid and cigarette butt infusions were not significantly more attractive than the control; however, they attracted various other Diptera and many non-culicid larvae developed in ovitraps in which these substances were used; thus, the presence of eggs or larvae of other species may have deterred Aedes oviposition. Significantly more Aedes eggs were found in ovitraps under vegetation than in ovitraps placed inside houses or against external walls. Clear-sided ovitraps in which black mesh was placed over a black ring floating on the water surface collected significantly fewer eggs than black ovitraps with identically placed mesh and rings.

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Physico-chemical characters of the water in rice fields in relation to their suitability for breeding of the mosquito larvae, Anopheles sinensis

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Factors influencing the abundance of Japanese encephalitis vectors in ricefields in India – I. Abiotic

Factors influencing the abundance of Japanese encephalitis vectors in ricefields in India – I. Abiotic

The role of urea in the oviposition behaviour of Japanese encephalitis vectors in rice fields of South India

Field evaluation of the response ofAedes albopictus(Stegomyia albopicta) to three oviposition attractants and different ovitrap placements using black and clear autocidal ovitraps in a rural area of Same,Timor‐Leste

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