Physically stimulus-responsive nanoparticles for therapy and diagnosis

Abstract

Nanoparticles offer numerous advantages in various fields of science, particularly in medicine. Over recent years, the use of nanoparticles in disease diagnosis and treatments has increased dramatically by the development of stimuli-responsive nano-systems, which can respond to internal or external stimuli. In the last 10 years, many preclinical studies were performed on physically triggered nano-systems to develop and optimize stable, precise, and selective therapeutic or diagnostic agents. In this regard, the systems must meet the requirements of efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and safety before clinical investigation. Several undesired aspects need to be addressed to successfully translate these physical stimuli-responsive nano-systems, as biomaterials, into clinical practice. These have to be commonly taken into account when developing physically triggered systems; thus, also applicable for nano-systems based on nanomaterials. This review focuses on physically triggered nano-systems (PTNSs), with diagnostic or therapeutic and theranostic applications. Several types of physically triggered nano-systems based on polymeric micelles and hydrogels, mesoporous silica, and magnets are reviewed and discussed in various aspects.

Natural Biopolymers as Smart Coating Materials of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

“…External stimuli include temperature, light, electric and magnetic fields, or ultrasounds. They can be applied remotely from outside the organism and can be turned on/off as required, enabling pulsatile responsive release from activated nanocarriers and highly precise treatment of the disease [ 71 ].…”

Smart Lipid‐Based Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer Treatment: Current Status and Future Directions

“…Physical features, including size, shape, and so on, can be defined in lipid bilayers by using a broad variety of phospholipids. [53][54][55] In this review, the most current developments in innovative smart lipid-based nanotherapeutics for treating various types of lung cancer will be discussed.…”

Nanomedicine in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy

“…In addition to playing a significant role in selective targeting and efficient delivery, material composition and surface modification are also important for stimulating the immune response. Thus, using nanomaterials to engineer cancer immunotherapies is a promising approach worthy of further investigation (Velpurisiva et al, 2017;Doroudian et al, 2019;Farjadian et al, 2022;Hejabi et al, 2022).…”