Physically based hydrogeological and slope stability modeling of the Turaida castle mound

Abstract

This study explores the potential of integrating state-ofthe-art physically based hydrogeological modeling into slope stability simulations to identify the hydrogeological triggers of landslides. Hydrogeological models considering detailed morphological, lithological, and climatic factors were elaborated. Groundwater modeling reveals locations with elevated pore water pressures in the subsurface and allows the quantification of temporal dynamics of the pore water pressures. Results of the hydrogeological modeling were subsequently applied as boundary conditions for the slope stability simulations. The numerical models illustrate that the hydrogeological impacts affecting hillslope stability are strongly controlled by local groundwater flow conditions and their conceptualization approach in the hydrogeological model. Groundwater flow itself is heavily influenced by the inherent geological conditions and the dynamics of climatic forcing. Therefore, both detailed investigation of the landslide's hydrogeology and appropriate conceptualization and scaling of hydrogeological settings in a numerical model are essential to avoid an underestimation of the landslide risk. The study demonstrates the large potential in combining state-of-the-art computational hydrology with slope stability modeling in realworld cases.

How Meaningful are Plot‐Scale Observations and Simulations of Preferential Flow for Catchment Models?

“…Modeling approaches can help to bridge the gap between observations of preferential flow at plot and hillslope scale and the understanding of the effect of preferential flow on integrated catchment responses. However, as is the case for the experimental investigations, there is a discrepancy between the number of simulations that include preferential flow at plot and hillslope scale (e.g., Weiler and McDonnell, 2007;Zehe, 2010, 2011;Laine-Kaulio et al, 2014;Frey et al, 2016;Kukemilks et al, 2018a;Reck et al, 2018) and the number of simulations that include preferential flow at catchment scale (e.g., Krzeminska et al, 2013;Steinbrich et al, 2016;Villamizar and Brown, 2017;Kukemilks et al, 2018b). Consequently, the number of modeling studies that have explicitly analyzed the effect of preferential flow on catchment response by comparing simulations with and without preferential flow is limited (Beckers and Alila, 2004;Christiansen et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2006;van Schaik et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2014;De Schepper et al, 2015).…”

“…Most existing catchment modeling approaches rely on parameter calibration or a parameterization based on literature values. Only a few studies have parameterized preferential flow (at least partly) based on measurements of study site characteristics such as saturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention curve, crack density, and fracture aperture (e.g., Kordilla et al, 2012; Steinbrich et al, 2016; Loritz et al, 2017; Kukemilks et al, 2018b). The problem of parameter calibration in physically based models is that (i) the optimized parameters may not capture the real physics of the system, (ii) parameters may not uniquely converge due to equifinality, and (iii) calibration may require a large number of model runs, with the latter being mainly restrictive for physically based, distributed, 3D catchment simulations with long computational times.…”

Prediction of changes in the state of the geological environment in the mining region

“…Also in the work [8], it is pointed out the importance of taking into account of changes in the hydrogeologic regime when predicting the development of landslide formation.…”

Land Use Directions for Land Conservation in The Rain Shadow Area of the Mount Agung-Bali

“…One of the efforts made through this research is to analyze the characteristics and quality of the land through a land evaluation approach to explore information related to land capability, land suitability and area functions in the research area. This information will then become the basis for compiling recommendations for land use to suit the existing potential of the area [3]; [2].…”