Physical vapor deposition of chromium and iron

Abstract

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Electrochemical Strategies for the Formation of Iron Oxide Nanostructures: Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Performance for Energy and Environmental Applications

“…However, the newly grown iron oxide layers are dissolved by F À ions by defined Equation (6), the length of iron oxide is restricted to be extended over the certain point as shown as shown in Figure 3d.…”

“…However, iron oxides exhibit sluggish hole diffusion, resulting in the rapid recombination of holes and excited electrons. [1][2][3][4][5] To overcome these drawbacks, nanostructured iron oxides have been fabricated using various methods such as physical vapor deposition, [6] chemical vapor deposition, [7] sol-gel, [8] spray pyrolysis, [9] sputtering, [10] hydrothermal, [11] electrodeposition, [12,13] ball milling, [14] and anodization. [15] Among these methods, the electrochemical methods of electrodeposition and anodization are the most straightforward, and the morphologies of the nanostructures can be easily adjusted.…”

Fabrication and characterization of iron and iron carbide thin films by plasma enhanced pulsed chemical vapor deposition

“…Generally, Fe films were grown by physical vapor deposition (PVD) [11] and the wet chemical method [12], such as impregnation of metallic support materials, ion exchange, and co-crystallization. An alternative way to deposit Fe films is chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [13][14][15][16].…”

Ultimate figures of merit broadband self-powered obliquely deposited antimony thin film laser detectors

“…Studies on Sb films' electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power produced significant discrepancies, mostly as a result of the deposition conditions 8 . The density of the thin film decreases with increasing angle, and the grain growth can exhibit a structure with high density rods or needles separated by low density gaps 9,10 ; where thin film density decreases with increasing angle 11,12 . Geometrical shadowing prevents the deposition of particles in regions existed behind initially formed nuclei and produces tilted columnar and highly porous microstructures.…”