Physical punishment of children: lessons from 20 years of research

Durrant, Joan E.; Ensom, Ron

doi:10.1503/cmaj.101314

Cited by 188 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…In terms of psychological health, corporal punishment of children predisposes to aggression, delinquency and conjugal violence later in life [8], antisocial behavior [9], anxiety disorders, alcohol abuse or dependence, externalization problems [10], psychopathologies in adulthood such as depression, mania, personality disorders [11], suicide [12], disruption of the mechanisms of regulation of stress in the brain [13], and elevation of the level of cortisol [14]. Corporal punishment negatively affects the internalization of moral values by the child and his relationship with his parents [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporal punishment of children: discipline or abuse?

Eid

Marianne

Rabbaa

et al. 2018

Libyan Journal of Medicine

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Introduction: Corporal punishment is a public health problem due to its impact on the physical, psychological, and social interactions of children.Objectives: To determine the knowledge of pediatricians in Lebanon regarding corporal punishment, their preventive, educational, and legal role.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 153 pediatricians in Lebanon, by a questionnaire distributed at the 12th Annual Congress of the Lebanese Pediatric Society and the North Lebanon Pediatric Society.Results: Less than 50% and less then 60% of pediatricians know the effects of physical punishment on the physical and psychic health of the child, respectively. About 74.2% and 23.2% of pediatricians disagree with Article186 of the Lebanese Criminal Code and Lebanese Law422/02 (Article25), respectively. Only 76.2% of Lebanese pediatricians always advise the abandonment of corporal punishment and 4.7% advise its use for discipline.Conclusion: Pediatricians play a fundamental role in the abolition of corporal punishment, but this cannot be accomplished without improving their skills in this area. They are invited to seek legal reforms in Lebanon to abolish the use of corporal punishment as a means of disciplining children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporal punishment of children: discipline or abuse?

Eid

Marianne

Rabbaa

et al. 2018

Libyan Journal of Medicine

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“…The use of corporal punishment aims at applying physical pain to discipline or correct a behavior considered inappropriate, and in approximately two decades was regarded as an acceptable discipline method not representative of abuse (Durrant & Ensom, 2012). However, recent research has found an association between a history of corporal punishment in childhood and greater risk for the occurrence of aggressive behavior, learning problems, delinquency and domestic violence in adulthood (Durrant & Ensom, 2012;Gershoff, 2013). As a result, using corporal punishment against children is a risk factor for physical abuse and considered by experts a modality of abuse (Durrant & Ensom, 2012;Straus, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting Programs to Prevent Corporal Punishment: A Systematic Review

Santini

Williams

2016

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

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Studies have shown that corporal punishment against children is a common family practice, causing damage to child development. Considering that parents are the main perpetrators of this type of aggression, parenting programs are needed to raise children without violence. This study aimed at performing a systematic review of parenting programs evaluations to reduce corporal punishment. Intervention procedures, as well as design, results and limitations were identified for each study. The PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used for reporting the results. A literature survey was conducted in Brazilian databases, as well as English ones from 1994-2014. One Brazilian study and eight international studies were selected as relevant, and only four used randomized controlled trials (RCT). All studies reported satisfactory results in decreasing aggression by parents against their children. Further research in the area with solid methodology is recommended.Keywords: parent training, psychological intervention, punishment, child abuse, family violence Programas Parentais Para a Prevenção do Castigo Corporal: Uma Revisão SistemáticaResumo: Estudos evidenciam que o castigo corporal contra crianças é uma prática familiar frequente e causa prejuízos ao desenvolvimento infantil. Dado que os principais autores das agressões são pais/mães, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de programas parentais para orientá-los a educar os filhos sem violência. O presente estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática sobre avaliações de programas parentais com conteúdo específico para redução da prática do castigo corporal. Foram identificados procedimentos de intervenção, delineamentos, resultados e limitações. Utilizou-se o protocolo PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) para relatar os resultados. A revisão compreendeu bases de dados nacionais e internacionais no período de 1994-2014. Um estudo brasileiro e oito internacionais foram selecionados como relevantes, sendo que apenas quatro utilizaram ensaio clínico randomizado (RCT). Todos os estudos relataram resultado satisfatório na diminuição das agressões dos pais aos filhos. Salienta-se a necessidade da promoção de estudos na área com o devido rigor metodológico.Palavras-chave: treinamento de pais, intervenção psicológica, punição, abuso da criança, violência na família Programas Parentales Para la Prevención del Castigo Corporal: Una Revisión SistemáticaResumen: Estudios demuestran que el castigo corporal contra los niños es una práctica común y causa daños a su desarrollo. Dado que los principales perpetradores de las agresiones son padres/madres, es necesario promover programas parentales para guiarlos a criar a sus hijos sin violencia. Este estudio condujo una revisión sistemática de evaluaciones de programas parentales con contenido específico sobre la práctica de los castigos corporales. Se identificaron los procedimientos de intervención utilizados, diseños, resultados y limitaciones. S...

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“…It has been suggested that parents' beliefs about its necessity for proper education and unharmfulness are among the possible causes of parental use of physical punishment (Kish & Newcombe, 2015). And yet, several studies have shown that physical punishment of children is associated with undesirable outcomes such as aggressiveness, antisocial behavior and psychological problems, among many others (Gershoff, 2002;Afifi et al, 2006;Durrant & Ensom, 2012). For these reasons, there have been initiatives to end up with the practice of physically punishing children, which have led many countries to prohibit its use.…”

Section: A Non-cognitive Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Should Free Will Skeptics Pursue Legal Change?

Fischborn

2017

Neuroethics

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Free will skepticism is the view that people never truly deserve to be praised, blamed, or punished for what they do. One challenge free will skeptics face is to explain how criminality could be dealt with given their skepticism. This paper critically examines the prospects of implementing legal changes concerning crime and punishment derived from the free will skeptical views developed by Derk Pereboom and Gregg Caruso. One central aspect of the changes their views require is a concern for reducing the severity of current forms of punishment. The paper considers two strategies for pursuing such a reduction. By taking into account evidence from the psychology of belief in free will and desire to punish, it is argued that a strategy aiming at a reduction of people's natural desire to punish criminals can be successful if capable of providing alternatives to current forms of punishment satisfying three properties: they must be less harmful than current forms of punishment, more effective in preventing crime, and incompatible with current forms of punishment.

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Physical punishment of children: lessons from 20 years of research

Cited by 188 publications

References 49 publications

Corporal punishment of children: discipline or abuse?

Corporal punishment of children: discipline or abuse?

Parenting Programs to Prevent Corporal Punishment: A Systematic Review

How Should Free Will Skeptics Pursue Legal Change?

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