Physical properties of shelled and kernel walnuts as affected by the moisture content

Altuntaş, Ebubekír; Erkol, Mehmet

doi:10.17221/194/2008-cjfs

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In other words, drying will increase the ratio of air space volume to the solid volume within the system. This finding is similar to those of Chandrasekar and Viswanathan [34] for coffee; Paksoy and Aydin [54] for squash seeds; Altuntas and Erkol [55] for walnuts and De Souza Smaniotto et al [53] for sunflower seeds, and in contrast to Baryeh [46] for millet and Martins et al [56] for safflower grains who reported ρ b increased with the decrease in MC.…”

Section: Bulk Density True Density and Porositysupporting

confidence: 87%

Study on the Effects of Physical Properties of Tenera Palm Kernel during Drying and Its Moisture Sorption Isotherms

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A study on the effect of the physical properties and moisture sorption isotherm of palm kernels constitutes the critical criteria in evaluating the drying performance. The drying was evaluated as a function of moisture content (MC) in the range of 0.31–0.02 kg/kg (d.b.). Whereas, the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of palm kernels (whole kernel and ground kernel) was determined experimentally using the standard gravimetric method at different temperatures (50 °C to 80 °C), over a range of relative humidity (RH) from 10% to 81%. Palm kernel length, width, and thickness decrease from 16.08 ± 2.09 mm to 14.17 ± 2.30 mm, 12.06 ± 1.40 mm to 11.24 ± 1.08 mm, and 10.01 ± 1.27 mm to 9.18 ± 1.04 mm, respectively, when MC decreased. Bulk density, surface area, and specific surface area decreased as the MC decreased, while porosity and true density were increased. EMC of palm kernels (whole kernel and ground kernel) decreased with an increase in temperature at constant RH. Modified Oswin and modified Halsey models were found to be the best for predicting desorption moisture isotherms for whole and ground palm kernel, respectively. Therefore, the study of the effect of drying on physical aspects as well as moisture sorption isotherms is important to further analyze the drying performance of Tenera palm kernel (e.g., equipment design and energy requirement).

show abstract

Section: Bulk Density True Density and Porositysupporting

confidence: 87%

Study on the Effects of Physical Properties of Tenera Palm Kernel during Drying and Its Moisture Sorption Isotherms

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The M e was taken to be 8% d.b. according to [5]. Every different drying temperature and air velocity took different time to achieve the M e , but in order to get the convenient results for the further analysis, the calculation of effective diffusivity was done on the same time basis of 1000 minute.…”

Section: Thin-layer Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Walnuts should not be dried using temperatures higher than 43 °C, as the long-term exposure to higher temperatures could cause walnut oils to become rancid [5]. Thus, the highest drying temperature is limited to 40 °C.…”

Section: Investigation Aims and Drying Regimes Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At [4], heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of walnut kernels were investigated. Altuntas and Erkol [5] proposed the relations for estimating walnut physical characteristics, including density, bulk density and porosity. At [6] it is reported that initial moisture content of walnuts depends on variety, harvest time, and implementation of the ethephon chemical treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modeling of intermittent convective drying of walnuts in single layer and its influence on deep bed drying simulation

Doder

Đaković

2019

Therm sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Original scientific paper https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI190120272D This research concerns the convective intermittent drying of in-shell walnuts, as well as the comparison between intermittent and continuous regimes. The collected data from the continuous drying experiment served as the basis for the modeling of intermittent drying, where the kinetic semi-theoretical model was implemented. Mathematical model for the intermittent drying precedes the computer simulation and experimental procedure for a single layer. As the validity of the proposed model is confirmed, deep fixed bed drying simulation was included as well. Intermittent drying regimes with shorter tempering periods gave better results compared to the longer ones. Deep bed simulations showed that a fixed bed of walnuts should not be bigger than 15-20 cm.

show abstract

“…Various nut families/varieties have been investigated by several researchers due to the difficulty of extracting a nondamaged kernel from the shell. The focus of their research has been on the deformation characteristics of the shelled agricultural products such as various nut species/varieties (Adgidzi, Akande, & Dakogol, ; Altuntas & Erkol, ; Altuntas & Ozkan, ; Aviara, Onuh, & Ehiabhi, ; Bonisoli, Delprete, Sesana, Tamburro, & Tornincasa, ; Derafshi & Sharifian, ; Gharibzahedi, Mousavi, Hamedi, Khodaiyan, & Dadashpour, ; Guner, Dursun, & Dursun, ; Jennings & Macmillan, ; Koya & Faborode, ; Koyuncu, Ekinci, & Savran, ; Muniz, Freire, Soares, Cooke, & Guedes, ; Ozdemir & Ozilgen, ; Wang & Mai, ; Wang, Zhang, & Mai, ; Xu, Yan, Wang, & Liu, ). This previous research also highlights an important issue, which is that deformation orientation (loading/cracking position) has an important role for shelling, to be investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit dynamics simulation of Pecan fruit deformation under compressive loading—Part‐1: Determination of modulus of elasticity

Çelik

2017

J Food Process Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study, which is divided into two parts, introduces an explicit dynamics simulation procedure for Pecan fruit (Carya illinoinensis) deformation under compressive loading. An original application algorithm based on experimental and theoretical methods has been described in the study. The major aim of this Part 1 is to determine the modulus of elasticity through various calculation approaches for Pecan fruit. In addition to this, some engineering properties of the Pecan fruit components were determined to define them as simulation input parameters in an explicit dynamics deformation simulation which is detailed in the second part of the study. The original geometry of the Pecan fruit and its components were digitized using reverse engineering technology (three‐dimensional [3D] laser scanning). Force–deformation data, which can describe the physical deformation characteristics of the Pecan fruit components, was collected through experimental compression tests. Initial crack points for the Pecan shell (kernel‐in‐shell) in these tests were measured as 335.62, 239.42, and 165.03 N for longitudinal, transverse, and suture orientations, respectively. Hooke's, Hertz's, and Boussinesq's theories and finite element method simulation based linear prediction approach based modulus of elasticity calculations were realized. Results from these calculations revealed that loading orientation is an important factor and there were differences between the results of calculation theories (15.2% on average). Practical applications The simulation approach and application algorithm introduced in this two‐part study is a scientific novelty because the explicit dynamics simulation approach for Pecan fruit deformation has not previously been reported in the literature. This first part focuses on realistic description (digitizing) of the fruit geometry through a reverse engineering approach and determination of modulus of elasticity (by considering various theories) and some engineering properties of the Pecan fruit components (experimentally). These investigations have important roles in this study so that realistic material models of the fruit components can be described in the simulation study which is presented and detailed in the second part of the study. In this part, it has been experienced that loading orientation is an effective factor for fruit deformation behavior and different theories may provide different results during calculation of the specific mechanical properties. These important findings have been presented in a form which may be used as input parameters in design studies of shelled agricultural product processing machinery systems used in the related industry.

show abstract

Physical properties of shelled and kernel walnuts as affected by the moisture content

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Study on the Effects of Physical Properties of Tenera Palm Kernel during Drying and Its Moisture Sorption Isotherms

Study on the Effects of Physical Properties of Tenera Palm Kernel during Drying and Its Moisture Sorption Isotherms

Modeling of intermittent convective drying of walnuts in single layer and its influence on deep bed drying simulation

Explicit dynamics simulation of Pecan fruit deformation under compressive loading—Part‐1: Determination of modulus of elasticity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About