Physical Properties and Pyrolysis Behavior of Fractionated Poultry Litter

Bernhart, M.; Fasina, Oladiran

doi:10.13031/2013.26810

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This implies that the coarse fraction is the dominant contributor to the compressibility of raw pecan shells. This is in contrast to the study on poultry litter [23] that found that the fine fraction was the main contributor to the compressibility of raw poultry litter. Compressibility of the pecan shells ranged in values from 1.33% to 10.5% (Fig.…”

Section: Particle Size Effectcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…A similar result was obtained by Bernhart and Fasina [23] for raw and fractionated poultry litter. The flow index values were obtained from the inverse of the slope of the linear fit of the flow function graph from flow function (FF) plots (example shown in Fig.…”

Section: Flow Propertiessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The average angle of internal friction obtained was 41.28 ± 2.37°. This value is similar to the average value of 41.73°that was obtained for poultry litter by Bernhart and Fasina [23]. In contrast to the angle of internal friction, the cohesive strength of pecan shells increased significantly (P b 0.05) with particle size and moisture content (Table 7).…”

Section: Flow Propertiessupporting

confidence: 88%

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Physical and flow properties of pecan shells—Particle size and moisture effects

et al. 2011

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Section: Particle Size Effectcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Flow Propertiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Flow Propertiessupporting

confidence: 88%

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Physical and flow properties of pecan shells—Particle size and moisture effects

et al. 2011

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“…The litter used in this study agreed with Henry's observation at 24.12% within 4.3%. Bernhart and Fasina (2009) provided a detailed study of the physical properties of whole and fractionated poultry litter. They reported a whole litter bulk density of 542 kg/m 3 .…”

Section: Results and Discussion Plant Nutrient Solids Content And Bumentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Broiler Litter as an Energy Source: Energy Content and Ash Composition

Chastain¹,

Valle²,

Moore³

2012

Applied Engineering in Agriculture

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Broiler farms produce large amounts of litter that is typically spread on nearby cropland or is sold to other farmers for use as a fertilizer substitute. Burning litter biomass to provide energy for space heating in broiler houses or for off-site electric generation has been viewed as an attractive alternative to land application and a source of renewable energy. A large litter sample was obtained from a commercial broiler farm following clean-out to evaluate the energy content, ash yield, and characteristics of ash following combustion. Litter ash was evaluated as a possible lime substitute and fertilizer. The energy content of the broiler litter was 14,425 kJ/kg DM and had an ash content of 24.7% dry basis. Broiler litter ash contained large amounts of Ca and a pH of 11.6, however the calcium carbonate equivalency (CCE) was only 32.4% on a dry basis. It was determined that broiler litter ash should not be used as a liming agent since it would result in excessive application of P 2 O 5, K 2 O, Cu, Zn, and Na. Small applications of litter ash, on the order of 2 t/ha or less, can provide the P or K needs of a crop and can serve as a source of key micronutrients without application of large amounts of Zn, Cu, or Na. A 1-MW litter fueled electric power plant would provide enough P 2 O 5 in litter ash to fertilize only 1600 ha at a rate of 100 kg P 2 O 5 /ha. It was also estimated that only 59% of the electrical generating capacity would be available for use by the distribution system over and above the electricity required by the broiler houses that supply litter to the plant. The amount of litter produced on broiler farms is theoretically adequate to provide enough heat to eliminate the purchase of propane for space heating but is limited by heating system efficiency. The amount of land needed to accommodate the ash from an on-farm litter furnace was estimated to be about 20 ha per broiler house. Many technical and economic obstacles need to be overcome to see large scale use of litter as a source of biomass fuel.

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“…The Hausner ratio (defined as tap density/bulk density) can be used as an indicator of the flowability of milled materials (Bernhart and Fasina, 2009). The Hausner ratio of the samples and the blends varies slightly from 1.26 to 1.33.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Relevant To Processability and Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blended Feedstocks for Thermochemical Conversion: Biomass Characterization and Bio-Oil Production From Switchgrass-Pine Residues Blends

et al. 2018

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An abundant, low-cost, and high-quality supply of lignocellulosic feedstock is necessary to realize the large-scale implementation of biomass conversion technologies capable of producing renewable fuels, chemicals, and products. Barriers to this goal include the variability in the chemical and physical properties of available biomass, and the seasonal and geographic availability of biomass. Blending several different types of biomass to produce consistent feedstocks offers a solution to these problems and allows for control over the specifications of the feedstocks. For thermochemical conversion processes, attributes of interest include carbon content, total ash, specific inorganics, density, particle size, and moisture content. In this work, a series of switchgrass and pine residues blends with varying physical and chemical properties were evaluated. Physical and chemical properties of the pure and blended materials were measured, including compositional analysis, elemental analysis, compressibility, flowability, density, and particle size distribution. To screen blends for thermochemical conversion behavior, the analytical technique, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), was used to analyze the vapor-phase pyrolysis products of the various switchgrass/pine residues blends. The py-GC/MS findings were validated by investigating the bio-oils produced from the selected blends using a lab-scale fluidized-bed pyrolysis reactor system. Results indicate that the physical properties of blended materials are proportional to the blend ratio of pure feedstocks. In addition, pyrolysis of pine residues resulted in bio-oils with higher carbon content and lower oxygen content, while switchgrass derived pyrolysis products contained relatively greater amount of anhydrosugars and organic acids. The distribution of the pyrolysis vapors and isolated bio-oils appear to be a simple linear combination of the two feedstocks. The concentration of alkali and alkaline Edmunds et al.Blended Feedstocks for Thermochemical Conversion earth metals (Ca, K, Mg, and Na) in the blended feedstocks were confirmed to be a critical parameter due to their negative effects on the bio-oil yield. This work demonstrates that blending different sources of biomass can be an effective strategy to produce a consistent feedstock for thermochemical conversion.

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Physical Properties and Pyrolysis Behavior of Fractionated Poultry Litter

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Physical and flow properties of pecan shells—Particle size and moisture effects

Physical and flow properties of pecan shells—Particle size and moisture effects

Using Broiler Litter as an Energy Source: Energy Content and Ash Composition

Blended Feedstocks for Thermochemical Conversion: Biomass Characterization and Bio-Oil Production From Switchgrass-Pine Residues Blends

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