Physical fitness percentiles of Polish children aged 4–7 years

Przednówek, Karolina H.; Niewczas, Marta; Wójcik, L; Paśko, Wojciech; Iskra, Janusz; Przednówek, Krzysztof

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86903-x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In contrast, in children aged 9 to 12 years, it has been © Editorial Committee of Journal of Human Kinetics observed that boys outperformed girls in several physical fitness tests, including the agility star run test (moderate effect size, d = 0.48) (Golle et al, 2015). Moreover, significantly better agility of boys was confirmed in a 4 x 5 m shuttle run test in Polish children aged 4-7 years (Przednowek et al, 2021). The better agility performance of boys can be explained by their higher absolute and relative anaerobic power.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Contributing Factors to Sensorimotor Adaptability in Reactive Agility Performance in Youth Athletes

Zwierko¹,

Nowakowska²,

Jedziniak³

et al. 2022

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Sensorimotor adaptability facilitates adjusting behaviour for changing environmental stimuli to maintain appropriate goal-directed motor performance. Its effectiveness is associated with perceptual-cognitive modulation. As the factors affecting it are still not completely known, the aim of our study was therefore to analyse the association between selected variables (demographic, training, anthropometric, genetic) and sensorimotor adaptation in reactive agility tasks in youth team-sport athletes. The study group consisted of 85 youth athletes (aged 12.61 ± 0.98 years). Based on an initial evaluation, participants were divided into faster and slower agility groups. The resultant differences between change of direction speed tests and reactive agility tests provided the REAC-INDEX as a dependent variable. The independent variables were as follows: gender, calendar age, body mass, height, BMI, maturity offset, training status and the BDNF rs6265 polymorphism. Multiple linear regression showed that the maturity offset (ß = 0.269; p = 0.012) and calendar age (ß = -0.411; p < 0.001) significantly contributed to the REAC-INDEX of all participants (R2 = 0.13). In the slower group, the c.196G BDNF allele had a significant influence (ß = -0.140; p = 0.044) on the REAC-INDEX. The best predictive model comprised female gender (ß = 0.799; p < 0.001), maturity offset (ß = -0.586; p < 0.001) and training experience (ß = -0.225; p = 0.009), contributing to 49% of RA variance. Sensorimotor adaptability is mainly dependent on gender and age, and can be improved through systematic sports training. The BDNF rs6265 polymorphism may be considered a contributing factor to SA variability in the initial stages of training, although polymorphism-related differences blurred as the effect of participation in sports training increased.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Contributing Factors to Sensorimotor Adaptability in Reactive Agility Performance in Youth Athletes

Zwierko¹,

Nowakowska²,

Jedziniak³

et al. 2022

Journal of Human Kinetics

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“…Commonly, children have access to computers, smartphones, and other mobile devices, increasing the amount of so-called screen time and reducing time of physical activity [ 11 ]. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic and the periodic lockdowns and online classes contribute to a further reduction in the physical activity of children, an increase in sedentary behavior and body weight [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Physical Activity at School on Children’s Body Mass during 2 Years of Observation

Ługowska

Kolanowski

Trafiałek

2022

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Children’s overweight and obesity are a growing public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of physical activity (PA) at school on body mass of children aged 10–12 during 2 years of observation. (2) Methods: Primary school children (n = 245, 48% girls and 52% boys) took part in the study. Children were divided in two groups, (1) of standard PA and (2) of elevated PA at school corresponding to 4 and 10 h of physical education lessons (PE) a week, respectively. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were measured starting from the 4th grade and ending at the 6th grade of school. (3) Results: The number of children with excessive body weight (overweight and obese) increased by ¼ in children of standard PA while slightly decreased in children of elevated PA. Many more children of elevated PA changed body mass category from overweight to healthy weight than those of standard PA. Girls, especially of standard PA, had more often excessive body weight compared to boys. (4) Conclusions: Increasing time of physical activity at school by elevation of the number of PE lessons favorably affects the body mass of children.

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“…The oldest of them is the Eurofit test set [ 27 ], whose reliability and suitability have been confirmed by several high-level analyses [ 28 ]. The FitnessGram and the Alpha-fit set of tests have also been widely used among children and young people [ 29 ]. The items of the Eurofit test battery were later used and combined into new test sets, which have been validated and used in several further studies, inc. with children already from 5 years of age [ 3 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Kindergarten Environment on the Development of Preschool Children’s Physical Fitness

Haav,

Oja,

Piksööt

2024

IJERPH

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The aim of this research is to find out to what extent the special qualifications of physical education teachers and the physical environment of kindergartens influence the physical development of preschoolers. Forty-four kindergartens across Estonia participated in the study, half of which had a physical education teacher (PEt), whereas the remaining 22 kindergartens were taught by non-qualified kindergarten teachers (NoPEt). Six Eurofit fitness tests were used to assess the physical development of children (n = 704; aged 6–7 years old, with an average age of 6.55 ± 0.5 years). An analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of the fitness test results of the two groups. Linear regression analysis was applied to clarify the influence of individual and environmental factors on children’s fitness scores. In kindergartens where the position of a PEt had been created, the results of children’s physical fitness were statistically significantly better, more specifically in handgrip strength (m = 12.0, 95% CI = 11.8–12.3 vs. m = 11.5, 95% CI = 11.2–11.7) and in speed tests (m = 23.0, 95% CI = 22.8–23.2 vs. m = 23.6, 95% CI = 23.3–23.8). According to the teacher interviews, these kindergartens also had more rooms and areas specially created for physical exercises. The study revealed that the physical development of children is, when controlling for other individual and environmental factors, influenced by the professional qualification of the PE teacher (95% CI = 0.06–0.56) as well as children’s participation in sports training (95% CI = 0.29–0.83). These findings are important for preschool institutions and municipalities in designing the optimal physical environment for facilitating children’s physical fitness.

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Physical fitness percentiles of Polish children aged 4–7 years

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Contributing Factors to Sensorimotor Adaptability in Reactive Agility Performance in Youth Athletes

Contributing Factors to Sensorimotor Adaptability in Reactive Agility Performance in Youth Athletes

The Impact of Physical Activity at School on Children’s Body Mass during 2 Years of Observation

The Influence of Kindergarten Environment on the Development of Preschool Children’s Physical Fitness

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