Physical fitness Its contribution to serum high density lipoprotein

Weight set-point theory and the high-density lipoprotein concentrations of long-distance runners

“…The regression line between the observed and predicted differences has a slope close to one and an intercept close to zero (Fig 3). In contrast, the average distance run does not correlate with the HDL-cholesterol differences between runners and sedentary men {r = .08 when the HDL-cholesterol differences and distances run reported by Martin et al (7.0 mg/l00mL v 137 km/wk) [23], Nakamura et al (13.6 mg/l00mL vs. 20 km/wk) [21]," and Nikkila et al (19.1 mg/l00mL vs. 115 km/wk) [22], are included with 16 of the studies listed in Table 3). …”

“…These practices incorrectly assume that the relationship between change in adiposity and change in HDL-cholesterol in men who have lost fat by running is the same as the cross-sectional difference in HDL-cholesterol between naturally fat and lean sedentary men. Comparisons between long-distance runners and lean sedentary men in the studies by Letac et al [20], Nakamura et al [21], Nikkila et al [22], and Seals et al [18] may involve individuals of comparable leanness, but this approach negates differences in their adipose tissue morphology and metabolism, e.g., long-distance runners tend to have smaller fat cells [22,44,50] higher adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity [22,44] and higher basal and insulin-stimulated rates of glucose conversion to triglycerides [44]. The observations by Savard et al [44] of a different relationship between adiposity and adipose tissue lipase activity in sedentary men and long-distance runners is consistent with our criticism of the ANCOVA adjustment in cross-sectional studies of runners and sedentary men.…”

“…Most cross-sectional studies claim that the runners' elevated HDL-cholesterol is not due to the runners' leanness. This claim is based on three observations: (1) long-distance runners have significantly higher HDL-cholesterol than sedentary men when adjusted for differences in adiposity by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) [1,10,14]; (2) long-distance runners have significantly higher HDL-cholesterol than naturally lean sedentary men [18,[20][21][22]; and (3) HDL-cholesterol and adiposity levels are only weakly correlated in cross-sectional samples of runners and sedentary men [6,17,23]. There are experimental data from longitudinal studies that contradict these cross-sectional observations.…”

Serum Lipids Profiles and Nutritional Survey

“…TC and TG levels were determined by the same methods in both studies. The day-to-day variation was 3.3% for TC and 5.8% for TG as monitored by the ]Lipids Standardization Program developed by the Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA [12]. Therefore, our comparative analysis of the results of these two studies conducted 10 years apart is warranted.…”

Effect of concurrent aerobic and resistance circuit exercise training on fitness in older adults

“…Perhaps, this level of intensity when combined with strength training is sufficient to cause improvements in HDLC. However, it must be realized that serum lipid concentrations are affected not only by exercise, but also by other factors including food intake (Huttunen et al 1979;Nakamura et al 1983). Although participants were instructed to not change their dietary habits, no measure of nutritional intake was performed.…”