Physical exercise prevents motor disorders and striatal oxidative imbalance after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion

Abstract

Stroke is the third most common cause of death worldwide, and most stroke survivors present some functional impairment. We assessed the striatal oxidative balance and motor alterations resulting from stroke in a rat model to investigate the neuroprotective role of physical exercise. Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to 4 groups: a) control, b) ischemia, c) physical exercise, and d) physical exercise and ischemia. Physical exercise was conducted using a treadmill for 8 weeks. Ischemia-reperfusion surgery involved transient bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 30 min. Neuromotor performance (open-field and rotarod performance tests) and pain sensitivity were evaluated beginning at 24 h after the surgery. Rats were euthanized and the corpora striata was removed for assay of reactive oxygen species, lipoperoxidation activity, and antioxidant markers. Ischemia-reperfusion caused changes in motor activity. The ischemia-induced alterations observed in the open-field test were fully reversed, and those observed in the rotarod test were partially reversed, by physical exercise. Pain sensitivity was similar among all groups. Levels of reactive oxygen species and lipoperoxidation increased after ischemia; physical exercise decreased reactive oxygen species levels. None of the treatments altered the levels of antioxidant markers. In summary, ischemia-reperfusion resulted in motor impairment and altered striatal oxidative balance in this animal model, but those changes were moderated by physical exercise.

Can rehabilitation exercise alter the oxidative profile in stroke patients?

“…However, 25 studies were excluded because the majority did not present oxidative stress analysis in their methodology or did not present studies related to rehabilitation exercise . Five articles [1,[38][39][40][41] were included in their summaries the keywords. However, during the reading of the full text, only the paper of Ciancarelli et al [40] met the inclusion criteria of our research.…”

“…Stroke is the most common type since 85% to 90% of people were diagnosed with ischemic stroke [1]. Pathophysiology of stroke, there is a change in the encephalic circulation, leading to limitations in the performance of body structure and function [2].…”

Maternal Deprivation Induces Memory Deficits That Are Reduced by One Aerobic Exercise Shot Performed after the Learning Session

“…Physical exercise is a noninvasive and easy alternative to influence the cognitive functions. Previous studies of our laboratory demonstrated that chronic aerobic exercise minimizes mnemonic deficits in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases [24, 36, 47], which have been related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory exercise effects [23, 27], besides the exercise influence on neuroplasticity [28]. However, acute aerobic exercise is still studied little as a neuroprotective strategy [48].…”

“…One is the physical exercise. Chronic aerobic exercise effects on cognition are widely studied [23, 24], and researches demonstrated that exercise improves behavioral, mental health [25, 26] and biochemical parameters [23, 27, 28]. Despite other mechanisms involved on the aerobic exercise effects, it acts by exciting the central nervous system through positive regulation of catecholamines, including epinephrine (E), NE, and DA [29–32].…”

Green Tea and Red Tea from Camellia sinensis Partially Prevented the Motor Deficits and Striatal Oxidative Damage Induced by Hemorrhagic Stroke in Rats

“…Strategies that propose the administration of antioxidant agents have been widely tested to prevent or treat hemorrhagic stroke [ 30 , 31 ]. Previous studies have already demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of green tea on balance in ICH [ 12 ] and brain ischemia-reperfusion models [ 18 , 32 ]. It is known that ICH injury mechanisms are related to increased free radical production and consequent oxidative stress [ 9 , 28 ].…”