Physical exercise modulates peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): A systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly

Coelho, Flávia Gomes de Melo; Gobbi, Sebastião; Andreatto, Carla Andreza Almeida; Corazza, Danilla Icassati; Pedroso, Renata Valle; Santos-Galduróz, Ruth Ferreira

doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.06.003

Cited by 260 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The exact mechanism by which vitamin D plays a key role in depression is not clearly understood. But, it has been suggested that Vitamin D not only stimulates the expression of nerve growth factor and promotes neurogenesis, but it also regulates gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, an essential enzyme involved in the synthesis of norepinephrine and dopamine which provide happiness and mental health in the depressed people (20,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Vitamin D supplement and Indoor Vs Outdoor Physical Activity on Depression of Obese Depressed Women

Irandoust

Taheri

2017

Asian J Sports Med

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Objective: Since the rate of depression and Vitamin D deficiency has been reported in Iranian obese women, it needs to be considered seriously by researchers. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplement (VD) and indoor physical activity (IPA) vs outdoor physical activity (OPA) on the depression of obese depressed women. Methods:This was a prospective study with 75 women (mean age: 43.5 ± 12.8 years, with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 30.0 to 35.0 kg/m 2 ). They were randomly assigned into four experimental groups who either did indoor or outdoor physical activity with or without Vitamin D. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck depression inventory. The intervention group (indoor and outdoor physical activity with vitamin D) was administered a 2,000 IU Vitamin D per day for 12 weeks. The training program included warming-up, main protocol (treadmill versus outdoor jogging) and cooling-down four times a week for 3 months.Results: The results indicated that the level of depression in OPA + VD group was improved from severe (33.26 ± 2.12) to mild (16.73 ± 1.38) suggesting 50% improvement in depression score (P = 0.001) and there was, also, a significant improvement in the depression level of IPA+VD, OPA, and IPA groups from sever to moderate level in depression scores (P = 0.001).Conclusions: Both vitamin D and exercise (especially outdoor) have positive effects on depressive symptoms of depressed obese women. As a result, promotion of an active outdoor lifestyle and having sufficient Vitamin can counteract vitamin D deficiency and the rate of depression in this vulnerable population.Keywords: Vitamin D, Indoor, Outdoor, Depression BackgroundTodays, obesity and depression are two major public health problems. It has been reported that depression prevalence is more in obese people compared to those who are not obese up to 25 percent. On the other hand, there is a link between obesity with depression and lower levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (1), depression (2), and obesity (3) has increased rapidly in Iran during the past decade (4). Recently, the positive effect of vitamin D on the prevention and the treatment of mental health problems such as depression has been well documented (4). Divergent results have been reported concerning the relationship between Vitamin D and depression in such a manner that some cross sectional studies have found a relationship between low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms (5, 6); whereas other studies of similar design have found no such relationship (7). A study conducted in Saudi Arabia showed that deficient levels of Vitamin D were found in women which made them vulnerable to serious health problems, in spite of living in one of the sunniest countries in the world (8). Furthermore, in a study undertaken in Jordan, 83.3% of women wearing the most covering style of Islamic dresses were found to be deficient in summer time. This is rather striking whe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Vitamin D supplement and Indoor Vs Outdoor Physical Activity on Depression of Obese Depressed Women

Irandoust

Taheri

2017

Asian J Sports Med

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“…This is a relevant topic, because results of studies are normally discussed at the basis of group means and not by classification of responders and nonresponders, which may lead to a misleading interpretation of results (Tajra et al 2014;Garcia et al 2014;Loenneke et al 2014). Even though the presence of high and low responders should receive attention, it is not known whether such individuals can be detected for other important mediators, such as irisin, TLR-4, IL1-β, and BDNF, which play important roles in insulin resistance, inflammation, obesity (Oliveira et al 2011;Pardo et al 2014), and neuroplasticity of the brain (Coelho et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the individual responsiveness to resistance training periodization

Prestes

Nascimento

Tibana

et al. 2015

AGE

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This study was designed to compare the effects of linear periodization (LP) and undulating periodization (UP) on functional capacity, neuromuscular function, body composition, and cytokines in elderly sedentary women. We also aimed to identify the presence of high responders (HR), medium responders (MR), and low responders (LR) for irisin, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to resistance training (RT). Forty-nine elderly women were assigned to a control group, LP, and UP scheme. Functional capacity, body composition, maximal strength, irisin, TLR-4, BDNF, and IL-1β were evaluated. Both periodization models were effective in improving 45°leg press 1RM, chair-stand, arm curl, and time-up and go tests, with no significant differences in body composition and cytokines. Furthermore, HR, MR, and LR were identified for irisin, IL-1β, TLR-4, and BDNF, with differences between groups and moments. This study provides evidence that both periodization models were effective in improving functional capacity and neuromuscular function, with no effect on body composition and cytokines (probably as a consequence of the different responsiveness). Furthermore, for the first time, HR, MR, and LR were identified for irisin, IL1-β, TLR-4, and BDNF in response to RT.

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“…Most brain neurons are thought to produce BDNF, and the brain releases BDNF to the blood, the release being increased by physical exercise, 127,134 including in elderly and Alzheimer's disease patients. 135 However, increased brain BDNF does not necessarily lead to a measurable increase in the blood level of BDNF. 136 The mechanism(s) by which physical exercise causes the level of BDNF in brain and blood to increase remain to be worked out, but there is reason to hypothesize that an action of lactate via HCAR1 contributes (see above).…”

Section: Targets For New Therapeutic Drugs and Interventions Neuropromentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactate Transport and Signaling in the Brain: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Roles in Body—Brain Interaction

Bergersen

2014

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

195

166

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Lactate acts as a 'buffer' between glycolysis and oxidative metabolism. In addition to being exchanged as a fuel by the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) between cells and tissues with different glycolytic and oxidative rates, lactate may be a 'volume transmitter' of brain signals. According to some, lactate is a preferred fuel for brain metabolism. Immediately after brain activation, the rate of glycolysis exceeds oxidation, leading to net production of lactate. At physical rest, there is a net efflux of lactate from the brain into the blood stream. But when blood lactate levels rise, such as in physical exercise, there is net influx of lactate from blood to brain, where the lactate is used for energy production and myelin formation. Lactate binds to the lactate receptor GPR81 aka hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor (HCAR1) on brain cells and cerebral blood vessels, and regulates the levels of cAMP. The localization and function of HCAR1 and the three MCTs (MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4) expressed in brain constitute the focus of this review. They are possible targets for new therapeutic drugs and interventions. The author proposes that lactate actions in the brain through MCTs and the lactate receptor underlie part of the favorable effects on the brain resulting from physical exercise.

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Physical exercise modulates peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): A systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly

Cited by 260 publications

References 31 publications

The Effect of Vitamin D supplement and Indoor Vs Outdoor Physical Activity on Depression of Obese Depressed Women

The Effect of Vitamin D supplement and Indoor Vs Outdoor Physical Activity on Depression of Obese Depressed Women

Understanding the individual responsiveness to resistance training periodization

Lactate Transport and Signaling in the Brain: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Roles in Body—Brain Interaction

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