Physical-chemical hybrid transiency: A fully transient li-ion battery based on insoluble active materials

Abstract

Transient Li‐ion batteries based on polymeric constituents are presented, exhibiting a twofold increase in the potential and approximately three orders of magnitude faster transiency rate compared to other transient systems reported in the literature. The battery takes advantage of a close variation of the active materials used in conventional Li‐ion batteries and can achieve and maintain a potential of >2.5 V. All materials are deposited form polymer‐based emulsions and the transiency is achieved through a hybrid approach of redispersion of insoluble, and dissolution of soluble components in approximately 30 min. The presented proof of concept has paramount potentials in military and hardware security applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 2021–2027

Sunlight‐Triggerable Transient Energy Harvester and Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator Using Acid‐Sensitive Poly(phthalaldehyde)

“…Among them, cyclic poly(phthalaldehyde) (PPHA) with a low ceiling temperature (T c = −43 °C) has received broad interest due to its promising mechanical properties, ease of synthesis, and fast depolymerization rates. To our best knowledge, most of existing reports on transient power sources are about energy storage devices, [16][17][18] and only transient energy harvesters whose degradation requires aqueous solution have been demonstrated. [13] Tang et al reported a programmable payload release system from PPHA-based microcapsules, whose release rates could be controlled by the composition and concentration of the salt/acidic methanol solution.…”

Study of Interfacial Interactions in Physically Transient Soft Layered Structures: A Step toward Understanding Interfacial Bonding and Failure in Soft Degradable Structures

“…[15] Briefly, to fabricate substrates, PVA (Mw: 61 000 g mol À1 , 98.0-98.8% hydrolyzed, Sigma Aldrich) was used as received. [15] Briefly, to fabricate substrates, PVA (Mw: 61 000 g mol À1 , 98.0-98.8% hydrolyzed, Sigma Aldrich) was used as received.…”

“…The variation of the PVA substrate properties as a function of swelling strain [15] and true stressstrain curve of the electrode layer were applied for the analysis. Two dimensional symmetry (about x-and y-axes) of the structures allows for simplification of the model to quarter symmetric.…”

“…In real applications, obtaining the initial defect distribution is not always possible. [15] To the best of our knowledge, few studies have investigated how the actual initial defect distribution affects the fragment size of the material, especially the soft coating in multilayer thin films. Some researchers have simulated brittle fracture with controlled pre-existing flaws, such as flaws with designed length and location, [32] or uniformly distributed flaws.…”

“…Multilayer structures consisting of dissimilar materials are pervasive, and have attracted considerable interest and attention, since they are relevant to diverse engineering applications including soft electronics, stimuli responsive morphing structures, [1] batteries, [2] supercapacitors, [3] sensors, [4] actuators, [5][6][7] and many others. Besides fracture caused by external forces, such as contact load, [8][9][10] cyclic load, [11,12] and impact, [13] failures of multilayer structures can result from strain mismatch of the constituent layers: problems include thermal expansion mismatch, [14] hydro swelling mismatch, [15] strain gradient caused by nonuniform electric field, [16,17] and many others. [18,19] The strain-mismatch-induced fracture could occur in the form of layer delamination, surface cracking, or combination of both, depending on the layers to diverse engineering applications including soterial properties.…”