Physical Assessment and the Clinical Pharmacist

Longe, R. Leon; Calvert, Jon C.

doi:10.1177/106002807701100401

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The concept of pharmacists using PE skills in practice can be traced back to the 1970s, 9 but subsequent surveys have demonstrated that most pharmacists do not routinely use PE to monitor their patients. 7–8 More recently, several articles have been published advocating for pharmacists to perform PE, from the perspective of both improved patient care and expanded scope of practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Teaching Physical Examination to Pharmacists

et al. 2012

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Teaching Physical Examination to Pharmacists

et al. 2012

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“…After the first Delphi round, 20 PE tests yielded consensus to either include 13 or exclude 7 them from entry-to-practice pharmacy programs ( Table 2 ). The second round led to an agreement on 7 additional PE tests to either include 2 or exclude 5 from pharmacy programs. Twenty-two PE tests remained with no agreement after 2 Delphi rounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Following in the footsteps of other provinces, Quebec pharmacists conducting their medical history interview can now perform physical examination (PE) to complete their data collection. 1 Although the concept of pharmacists performing PE is not novel, 2 this professional activity provokes a wide range of reactions in the pharmacy community, from enthusiasm to skepticism to incomprehension. 3 Traditionally, PE was performed by other health care professionals, such as physicians, but as pharmacists' expertise is expanding to include new professional activities, many pharmacists consider PE to be an essential skill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting priorities for physical examination in pharmacy education: A Delphi study

Tremblay,

Guay,

Lafleur

2024

Can Pharm J

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Background: As the scope of pharmacy practice is expanding, a growing number of pharmacists perform physical examination (PE) to gather additional information to monitor the effectiveness and safety of their patients’ therapy. This professional activity calls for the development of comprehensive and valuable PE training. We sought to determine by consensus which PE tests should be given teaching priority in pharmacy education. Methods: Using existing PE literature in pharmacy, we conducted an online Delphi survey from December 2021 to April 2022 with 16 pharmacists who practise in a variety of settings and/or who are considered experts in PE. Results: After 2 Delphi rounds, consensus was reached to either include or exclude 27 PE tests in entry-to-practice programs. One last round allowed prioritizing the agreed-upon PE tests in terms of educational needs. Clinicians agreed that measuring blood pressure is indispensable and should be given teaching priority, followed by pulse rate, weight and blood glucose measurements. Endocrine system and head and neck examinations should be included in pharmacy programs, but their clinical usefulness was considered less important. Discussion: We compared our results with PE literature in other health care disciplines. We found that only a few PE tests truly influence drug therapy management, that some examinations can be quite difficult to perform accurately and that without proper training and opportunities to retrain, skill decay can lead to dangerous misinterpretations. Pharmacy programs should consider focusing on teaching PE tests supported by evidence as having an impact on drug therapy management. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2024;157:xx-xx.

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“…This study provides insight into the opinions of pharmacists, nonpharmacist health care providers and the public on pharmacists incorporating physical assessment into their practice. Although the concept of physical assessments performed by a pharmacist is not new, 15 it remains an unusual concept to many. It was therefore not surprising that most nonpharmacist health care providers and the public have not observed pharmacists using these skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical assessment in pharmacy practice: Perspectives from pharmacists, nonpharmacist health care providers and the public

Leong

Soufi

2021

Can Pharm J

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Background: Physical assessment in pharmacy practice is not a new concept, yet the idea is still unfamiliar to many people. Canadian pharmacy graduates are expected to be trained in physical examination as it relates to drug therapy. However, standard delivery of course content in this area has not been clearly established, and previous publications have reported low uptake of this practice despite formal training. To aid the future development of a physical assessment course for pharmacists that is relevant to practice and will contribute to patient care, it is important to gather insight from practising pharmacists, health care providers and the public. Objective: To determine the type of physical assessment skills that would be of value to pharmacy practice and the benefits and barriers of these skills in practice from the perspectives of pharmacists, health care providers and the public. Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey of pharmacists, nonpharmacist health care providers and the public. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to describe data. Results: A total of 348 respondents (98 pharmacists, 154 nonpharmacist health care providers, 96 public) completed the survey. Most (64%) nonpharmacist providers were physiotherapists or occupational therapists (only 6.5% physicians). Most respondents felt that performing basic vital signs was relevant to pharmacy practice (79% pharmacists, 69% other providers, 79% public) and felt confident and comfortable about pharmacists using these skills. Palpation, percussion and auscultation were rated less favourably (<50% for most respondents). Nonpharmacist providers tended to be less favourable than pharmacist and public respondents. Seven themes related to benefits and 13 themes related to disadvantages of pharmacists performing physical assessment were identified. Conclusion: These findings provide insight into opinions about the value of pharmacists performing physical assessments. Consensus recommendations on performance expectations to improve recognition of pharmacists in this area is needed in the future. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2021;154:xx-xx.

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Physical Assessment and the Clinical Pharmacist

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

An Evaluation of Teaching Physical Examination to Pharmacists

An Evaluation of Teaching Physical Examination to Pharmacists

Setting priorities for physical examination in pharmacy education: A Delphi study

Physical assessment in pharmacy practice: Perspectives from pharmacists, nonpharmacist health care providers and the public

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