Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tilapia Scale Hydroxyapatite-Filled High-Density Polyethylene Composites

Abstract

The effects of filler loading and silane coupling agent on the properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites have been studied. The (HAp) powder was successfully produced from tilapia scales using the spray drying process utilized to prepare the HDPE/HAp composites. The FTIR peaks for the untreated HDPE/30HAp composite corresponded to the functional groups of HDPE (C-CH3) and –CH2 and HAp (PO4−3 and O-H). The FTIR spectrum for the silane-treated composite showed that the C=O and silanol groups were eliminated, which strongly confirms the chemical interaction between the HAp fillers and the HDPE matrix. The developed composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical performance, and in particular the treated HDPE/30HAp-S composite exhibited superior tensile strength, Young’s modulus and flexural modulus of 28.26 MPa, 1272 MPa and 796 MPa, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that the developed composites were non-toxic and have great potential to be used for biomedical application.

A Novel Profile Control Agent in High-Temperature and High-Salinity Reservoirs: Dispersed Particle Gel Prepared from Modified Nanographite-Strengthened Bulk Gel

“…Figure c shows that the mesh structure of the modified nanographite-strengthened bulk gel system has a smaller pore size and closer arrangement in a three-dimensional space. The modified nanographite encrypts the cross-linked structure, thereby enhancing the microstructure strength of the gel system and improving the water retention performance of the network structure. − This can be seen from the surface of the gel shown in Figure d. The chemical bonds make the modified nanographite tightly embedded in the gel, which can have a lasting strengthening role. − …”

Effect of Filler Content on the Morphology and Physical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)-Hydroxyapatite Composites

“…The obtained product was subsequently air-dried, weighed and analyzed using several techniques in terms of crystallinity, morphology and elemental composition. The basic chemical reaction involved in the synthesis of HAp powder is well described in Equation (1) [ 28 ]: 10Ca(NO 3 ) 2 + 6(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 + 8NH 4 OH → Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 + 20NH 4 NO 3 + 20H 2 O …”

“…Tensile and micro-hardness increased with the amount of HAp. Jaafar et al [ 28 ] reported that the tensile and flexural properties of HDPE/HAp composites depend on the filler content. Indeed, by increasing the HAp content up to 30 wt%, the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of the composite materials decreased.…”

Effect of the Surface Modification of HAp Nanoparticles by Oleic Acid on the Properties of HDPE Nanocomposites Containing Thereof

“…HAp is a natural material that is a component of human bone [5]; natural bones of mammals and humans contain 70% or more of minerals, primarily HAp. Incorporation of HAp as a filler into polymers improves their biocompatibility [6,7]; but, on the other hand, it brings about a deterioration in physico-mechanical properties of the obtained composites [8,9]. As shown in [5], poor strength of composites is the result of a large difference between the surface energies of the HAp particles and the polymer matrix, i.e.…”