Physical and Biological Modification of Polycaprolactone Electrospun Nanofiber by Panax Ginseng Extract for Bone Tissue Engineering Application

Abstract

Medicinal plants as a therapeutic agent with osteogenic properties can enhance fracture-healing process. In this study, the osteo-inductive potential of Asian Panax Ginseng root extract within electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) based nanofibers has been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that all nanofibers were highly porous and beadles with average diameter ranging from 250 to 650 nm. The incorporation of ginseng extract improved the physical characteristics (i.e., hydrophilicity) of PCL nanofibers, as well as the mechanical properties. Although ginseng extract increased the degradation rate of pure PCL nanofibers, the porous structure and morphology of fibers did not change significantly after 42 days. It was found that nanofibrous scaffolds containing ginseng extract had higher proliferation (up to ~1.5 fold) compared to the pristine PCL. The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated the addition of ginseng extract into PCL nanofibers induced significant expression of osteogenic genes (Osteocalcin, Runx-2 and Col-1) in MSCs in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, higher calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and higher mineralization of MSCs were observed compared to the pristine PCL fibers. Our results indicated the promising potential of ginseng extract as an additive to enhance osteo-inductivity, mechanical and physical properties of PCL nanofibers for bone tissue engineering application.

Enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts on graphene oxide-impregnated PLGA–gelatin nanocomposite fibrous membranes

“…7 Many studies have reported that various synthetic and natural polymers, including polycaprolactone, PLGA, collagen and chitosan, have been electrospun to fabricate potential bone scaffolds that are utilized as cell-supporting matrices for bone repair. [8][9][10] PLGA is one of the most promising degradable materials and attractive for tissue engineering applications due to its good mechanical properties, adjustable degradation rate, low immunogenicity, and acquisition of FDA approval for human therapy. 11,12 PLGA-based electrospun nanobrous scaffolds have been used for engineering a wide range of tissues such as skeletal muscle, cartilage and bone tissues.…”

GBR membrane of novel poly (butylene succinate-co-glycolate) co-polyester co-polymer for periodontal application

“…The wettability (contact angle) of each PBSGL n nanofibrous membrane was evaluated by applying the sessile drop technique (with distilled water) using a VCA Optima Surface Analysis system (AST products, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA) at ambient conditions. In vitro mass loss of the PBSGL n membranes was measured after 60 days, as we previously described 66 .…”

“…The rabbit bone marrow-derived MSC metabolic activity (proliferation) on each PBSGL membrane (3 cm × 3 cm) was evaluated using a colorimetric 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2(4-sulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium (MTS) assay (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), as we previously described 66 . Briefly, PBSGL membranes were sterilized by soaking in 100× sterilizing solution containing penicillin G (10,000 U/ml), streptomycin (10,000 µg/ml), and amphotericin B (250 µg/ml) overnight.…”

“…MSCs were seeded on the electrospun nanofibers at a density of 4,000 cells per cm 2 . At each time point (1, 3, 7 and 12 days), membranes were transferred to new plates in order to remove the effect of cells grown on the plates and incubated in 20% MTS solution in serum-free medium at 37 °C for 3 h. The absorbance at 490 nm of the supernatant media was measured using a spectrophotometric plate reader (FLUOstar Omega, BMG Lab Technologies, Offenburg, Germany), and the absorbance was correlated to the number of rabbit MSCs 66 .…”

Fabrication of chitosan/collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffolds with encapsulated Cissus quadrangularis extract

“…For example, ginseng root extract was added in electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers to enhance the expression of osteogenic genes in MSC. The incorporation of ginseng root extract in electrospun PCL scaffolds also improved its hydrophilicity and accelerated degradation rate . CQ extract was directly blended with chitosan/Na‐carboxymethyl cellulose scaffolds to enhance the ALP activity of Saos‐2 osteosarcoma .…”