Physical activity levels in urban-based South African learners: A cross-sectional study of 7 348 participants

Biljon, Anneke van; McKune, Andrew J.; DuBose, Katrina D.; Kolanisi, Unathi; Semple, Stuart

doi:10.7196/samj.2017.v108i2.12766

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Our results support ndings of gender differences in physical activity levels among South African adolescents similar to global reports [85,86]. More than two-thirds of our respondents used active transport; either walking to and from school or work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, fewer than one-third had su cient levels of physical activity necessary to promote health and prevent chronic diseases. This is similar to physical inactivity levels reported in urban-based South African students [85]. The proportion who spent more than three hours per day sedentary was higher than general population estimates of 30% [14] and higher than estimates from other LMICs of 27% [81].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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A high prevalence of NCD multimorbidity in South African Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: Implications for Integrated Prevention

Kamkuemah

Gausi²,

Oni³

2021

Preprint

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Background: Adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) face an elevated NCD risk resulting from HIV, psychosocial challenges and the complications of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in six primary care facilities to investigate the prevalence of common NCDs and risk factors among AYLHIV in Cape Town, South Africa between March 2019 and January 2020. We collected socio-demographic information, ascertained behaviours and knowledge and screened for pre-existent and previously unidentified NCDs and risk factors in adolescents and youth enrolled for primary HIV care. Characteristics between sexes and age groups were compared using parametric or non-parametric statistical tests.Results: Three out of four participants were female, and the median age was 20.5 years (IQR 18.9- 22.9). More than a quarter were not in education, employment or training (NEET) and 44% were multidimensionally poor. Our results show an existent burden of hypertension (5%) and central obesity (37%) as well as high levels of depression (43%) and psychological distress symptoms (44%). AYLHIV further self-reported high levels of household food insecurity (70%), low fruit and vegetable consumption, high fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage intake, low nutritional knowledge and insufficient physical activity. Beyond the NCD risk attributable to HIV and ART, these multiple risk factors further increase NCD risk. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of integrated prevention with NCD risk screening as part of HIV care for AYLHIV and the need for early intervention on social, environmental and economic determinants of NCDs targeting adolescents and youth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

A high prevalence of NCD multimorbidity in South African Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: Implications for Integrated Prevention

Kamkuemah

Gausi²,

Oni³

2021

Preprint

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“…Our results support ndings of gender differences in physical activity levels among South African adolescents similar to global reports [191,192]. Despite more than two-thirds of our respondents using active transport; either walking to and from school or work, fewer than one-third had su cient levels of physical activity necessary to promote health and prevent chronic diseases.…”

Section: High Fast-food and Ssb Consumption And Low Physical Activitysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Almost half spent three or more hours per day of their leisure time sedentary. This is similar to physical inactivity levels reported in urban-based South African students [191]. Sedentary behaviour was higher than general population estimates which showed that 30% of youth watched TV or played computer games for over three hours per day [38] and higher than estimates from other LMICs which found that 27.0% of adolescents engaged in three or more hours of sedentary behaviour per day.…”

Section: High Fast-food and Ssb Consumption And Low Physical Activitysupporting

confidence: 77%

Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases and Risk factors in South African Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: Implications for Integrated Prevention

Kamkuemah¹,

Gausi²,

Oni³

2020

Preprint

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Background Adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) face an elevated NCD risk resulting from HIV, psychosocial challenges and the complications of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in six primary care facilities to investigate the prevalence of common NCDs and risk factors among AYLHIV in Cape Town, South Africa between March 2019 and January 2020. We collected information on pre-existent and previously unidentified NCDs and risk factors and collected sociodemographic information of adolescents and youth enrolled for primary HIV care. Characteristics between sexes and age groups were compared using parametric or non-parametric statistical tests. Results Three out of four participants were female, and the median age was 20.5 years (IQR 18.9–22.9). More than a quarter were not in education, employment or training (NEET) and 44% were multidimensionally poor. Our results show an existent burden of hypertension (5%) and central obesity (37%) as well as high levels of depression (43%) and psychological distress symptoms (44%). AYLHIV further self-reported high levels of household food insecurity (70%), low fruit and vegetable consumption, high fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage intake, low nutritional knowledge and insufficient physical activity. Beyond the NCD risk attributable to HIV and ART, these multiple risk factors coupled with early initiation of high-risk behaviours like smoking, alcohol and drug use, further increase risk. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of integrated prevention with NCD risk screening as part of HIV care for AYLHIV and the need for early intervention on social, environmental and economic determinants of NCDs targeting adolescents and youth.

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“…While studies exploring activity and sedentary behaviour patterns in South African adolescents are limited, available data suggest low activity levels in girls, particularly in urban settings and at older ages. 107,108 This is supported by data from high-income countries (HICs), which show that older, female adolescents demonstrate clusters of behaviour defined by low levels of physical activity. 12 In addition, data suggest differences in the types of sedentary behaviour adopted by girls and boys, as well as high clustering of unhealthy activity and dietary behaviours.…”

Section: Reported Dietary Intake and Eating Habitsmentioning

confidence: 87%

A review of adolescent nutrition in South Africa: transforming adolescent lives through nutrition initiative

Wrottesley

Pedro

Fall

et al. 2019

South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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In South Africa, urbanisation is associated with substantial burdens of adolescent overweight and obesity, making teenagers vulnerable to longer-term non-communicable diseases. In addition, as potential future parents, the nutritional status of adolescents is increasingly recognised as a key driver of health and well-being in the next generation. This review reported on the available literature examining nutritional status and dietary intakes and practices, as well as their determinants, in South African adolescents. Study design and methods: Medline (Pubmed), Web of Science and EMBASE were searched for relevant articles published between 1994 and May 2018. Applicable search terms and phrases were identified in study titles and/or abstracts and fulltext articles were reviewed according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted according to specific review objectives. Results: A total of 67 relevant studies were identified. Only one study used a biochemical marker to describe adolescent nutritional status (vitamin D status; 25(OH)D). Overweight and obesity prevalence increased in South African adolescents over the reference period, with national increases of 6% in boys and 7% in girls between 2002 and 2008. Girls and urbandwellers were particularly vulnerable to excess adiposity. Dietary intakes demonstrated a transition towards energy-dense, processed foods high in sugar and fat, but low in essential micronutrients. Food choices were driven by the adoption of obesogenic behaviours in the teenage years, including irregular breakfast consumption and fewer family meals, increased snacking and low levels of physical activity. Conclusion: South African adolescents-particularly girls-are increasingly burdened by obesity as a result of urbanisationassociated shifts in dietary intake and eating behaviours. However, the implications for micronutrient status and long-term nutritional health are not known. Additionally, more data on the clustering of diet, activity and sedentary behaviours in adolescent boys and girls is needed, as well as on behaviour patterns to facilitate healthy growth and reduced adiposity.

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Physical activity levels in urban-based South African learners: A cross-sectional study of 7 348 participants

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

A high prevalence of NCD multimorbidity in South African Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: Implications for Integrated Prevention

A high prevalence of NCD multimorbidity in South African Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: Implications for Integrated Prevention

Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases and Risk factors in South African Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: Implications for Integrated Prevention

A review of adolescent nutrition in South Africa: transforming adolescent lives through nutrition initiative

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