Physical Activity in Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review

Moraitis, Ann Marie; Seven, Memnun; Walker, Rachel

doi:10.1188/21.onf.184-194

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…54 Furthermore, it was not surprising that physical activity and exercise were the most frequently used study elements as they have been widely researched within cancer rehabilitation, and several scoping reviews on physical activity among YACS already exist. 20,[55][56][57] The focus on physical activity and exercise can be considered rather one-dimensional although physical activity has shown to influence all biopsychosocial dimensions. 20 However, rehabilitation is rooted in a biopsychosocial model of health, 14,15 which requires multicomponent interventions addressing physical, psychological and social dimensions, including participation in everyday life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation interventions for young adult cancer survivors: A scoping review

et al. 2023

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Objective To map existing research concerning rehabilitation interventions for young adult cancer survivors (YACS) that address at least one factor from the biopsychosocial health model. Design Scoping review. Data sources Searches were performed in EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane in January 2022 and updated in March 2023, and grey literature between February and April 2022. Methods The review followed Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies evaluating interventions for YACS of any cancer who had completed primary treatment and were between 18 and 39 years old at diagnosis were included. Two authors independently screened studies for eligibility, and standardised forms were used for data extraction. Descriptive statistics, narrative summaries and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data. Results The search revealed 5706 records, of which 70 were full-text screened. The 20 included studies represented a heterogeneous group of 444 young adults with different cancer types, mean age above 25, and an overrepresentation of females. Most studies were feasibility and pilot studies. The 20 studies consisted of 14 unique interventions focusing primarily on one dimension of the biopsychosocial health model like biological or psychological factors. In the 14 interventions, the most frequent intervention element was peer-to-peer support ( n = 12). The interventions were often delivered online ( n = 9), lasting 3–12 months ( n = 8). A wide variety of theories, providers and outcome measures were used. Conclusion The results show that current research on multicomponent, biopsychosocial and age-specific rehabilitation for YACS remains at an early stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation interventions for young adult cancer survivors: A scoping review

et al. 2023

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“…Although the CCS in our study were less likely to exercise extensively, they were less likely to be overweight or obese than cancer-free controls. Even if physical activity is known to reduce the risk of long-term adverse health outcomes after childhood cancer ( 40 , 41 ) studies have shown that about 50% of CCS in western countries do not meet the recommended time of physical activity per day ( 42 ). This reduced time of physical activity among CCS might be due to poorer overall health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late health effects and changes in lifestyle factors after cancer in childhood with and without subsequent second primary cancers – the KiKme case-control study

Brackmann

Foraita²,

Schwarz³

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundImproved treatments for childhood cancer result in a growing number of long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS). The diagnosis and the prevalence of comorbidities may, however, influence their lifestyle later in life. Nonetheless, little is known about differences in late effects between CCS of a first primary neoplasm (FPN) in childhood and subsequent second primary neoplasms (SPN) and their impact on lifestyle. Therefore, we aim to investigate associations between the occurrence of FPN or SPN and various diseases and lifestyle in the later life of CCS.MethodsCCS of SPN (n=101) or FPN (n=340) and cancer-free controls (n=150) were matched by age and sex, and CCS additionally by year and entity of FPN. All participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on anthropometric and socio-economic factors, medical history, health status, and lifestyle. Mean time between FPN diagnosis and interview was 27.3 years for SPN and 26.2 years for FPN CCS. To confirm results from others and to generate new hypotheses on late effects of childhood cancer as well as CCS´ lifestyles, generalized linear mixed models were applied.ResultsCCS were found to suffer more likely from diseases compared to cancer-free controls. In detail, associations with cancer status were observed for hypercholesterinemia and thyroid diseases. Moreover, CCS were more likely to take regular medication compared to controls. A similar association was observed for CCS of SPN compared to CCS of FPN. In contrast to controls, CCS rarely exercise more than 5 hours per week, consumed fewer soft and alcoholic drinks, and were less likely to be current, former, or passive smokers. Additionally, they were less likely overweight or obese. All other exploratory analyses performed on cardiovascular, chronic lung, inflammatory bone, allergic, and infectious diseases, as well as on a calculated health-score revealed no association with tumor status.ConclusionCCS were more affected by pathologic conditions and may consequently take more medication, particularly among CCS of SPN. The observed higher disease burden is likely related to the received cancer therapy. To reduce the burden of long-term adverse health effects in CCS, improving cancer therapies should therefore be in focus of research in this area.

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