Physical activity in relation to body size and composition in women in UK Biobank

Guo, Wenji; Bradbury, Kathryn E.; Reeves, Gillian; Key, Timothy J.

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.01.015

Cited by 57 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Physical activity was calculated as the sum of weekly walking, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity components, expressed in MET-h/week. 36 Other exposures (which were used to indicate a proxy for supermarkets, retail outlets, and convenience stores that sold food) included the density of petrol-filling stations and train and bus stations and terminals within a buffer of 1 km in street distance from the home address, which was combined into a binary variable (absent vs present) in both cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are exposures to ready-to-eat food environments associated with type 2 diabetes? A cross-sectional study of 347 551 UK Biobank adult participants

Sarkar

Webster

Gallacher

2018

The Lancet Planetary Health

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Background Rapid urbanisation and associated socioeconomic transformations have modified current lifestyles, shifting dietary preferences towards ready-to-eat, calorie-dense food of poor nutritional quality. The effect of ready-toeat food environments that sell food for instant consumption on the risk of type 2 diabetes has received scant attention. We therefore aimed to examine the association between exposure to ready-to-eat food environments and type 2 diabetes in a large and diverse population sample. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult male and female participants from the baseline phase of the UK Biobank cohort. Participants in this cohort were aged 37-73 years and resided in one of 21 cities in the UK. Readyto-eat food environments, which we determined from a modelled and linked built environment database, were objectively measured within 1-km catchment areas of the residential streets of participants and were expressed as metrics of density and proximity to the participants' homes. We used logistic regression models to examine the associations between exposure to ready-to-eat food environments and the odds of type 2 diabetes, adjusting for individual covariates such as physical activity. As sensitivity analyses, we investigated the associations between the street distance to the nearest ready-to-eat food outlet and type 2 diabetes. We also tested post hoc for effect modification by sex, income, body-mass index, and location of the UK Biobank collection centre. Findings Of 502 635 UK Biobank participants enrolled between March 13, 2006, and Oct 1, 2010, the sample analysed included 347 551 (69•1%) participants. The density of ready-to-eat food environments within a 1-km catchment area was associated with higher odds of type 2 diabetes for participants in the groups with highest exposure to restaurants and cafeterias (odss ratio 1•129, 95% CI 1•05-1•21; p=0•0007) and a composite measure of ready-to-eat outlet density (1•112, 1•02-1•21; p=0•0134) compared with those with no exposure. Exposure to hot and cold takeaways was only significantly associated with higher odds of type 2 diabetes at the second highest exposure category that we examined (1•076, 1•01-1•14; p=0•0171), representing a density of 0•75-2•15 units per km². A protective effect with distance decay was observed: participants in the highest quintile of street distance to nearest ready-to-eat food outlet reported lower odds of type 2 diabetes than those in the lowest quintile (0•842, 0•78-0•91; p<0•0001 for restaurants and cafeterias; and 0•913, 0•85-0•98; p=0•0173 for hot and cold takeaways). These effects were most pronounced in overweight participants (p=0•0329), but there was no evidence of interaction by sex, income, or UK Biobank collection centre. Interpretation Access to ready-to-eat food environments was positively associated with type 2 diabetes. Top-down policies aimed at minimising unhealthy food access could potentially reduce unhealthy consumption and risks of chronic diseases. Further long-term studies are needed t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are exposures to ready-to-eat food environments associated with type 2 diabetes? A cross-sectional study of 347 551 UK Biobank adult participants

Sarkar

Webster

Gallacher

2018

The Lancet Planetary Health

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“…17 We did not adjust for this, as total physical activity includes physical activity from commuting and so has substantial colinearity with our primary exposure. In a subset of 54 378 participants, we obtained an objective accelerometer based measure of physical activity using a tri-axial accelerometer (AX3, Logging Accelerometer; Open Lab, Newcastle University) worn on the participants' wrist, and we assessed cardiorespiratory fitness in a subset of 39 022 participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality: prospective cohort study

Celis‐Morales

Lyall

Welsh

et al. 2017

BMJ

357

264

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ObjeCtiveTo investigate the association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all cause mortality. DesignProspective population based study.PartiCiPants 263 540 participants (106 674 (52%) women; mean age 52.6), recruited from 22 sites across the UK. The exposure variable was the mode of transport used (walking, cycling, mixed mode v non-active (car or public transport)) to commute to and from work on a typical day. Main OutCOMe MeasuresIncident (fatal and non-fatal) CVD and cancer, and deaths from CVD, cancer, or any causes. No statistically significant associations were observed for walking commuting and all cause mortality or cancer outcomes. Mixed mode commuting including walking was not noticeably associated with any of the measured outcomes. COnClusiOnsCycle commuting was associated with a lower risk of CVD, cancer, and all cause mortality. Walking commuting was associated with a lower risk of CVD independent of major measured confounding factors. Initiatives to encourage and support active commuting could reduce risk of death and the burden of important chronic conditions.

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“…In nonThal populations, regular physical activity has been shown to decrease depression and improve mood 7 , school performance 8,9,10 , glucose tolerance 11,12,13 , weight maintenance 14 , body composition 15 and bone health 16,17,18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Physical Activity Patterns In Patients With Thalassemia Compared To Healthy Controls

Fung¹,

Pinal²,

Leason³

2015

JHOR

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Physical activity in relation to body size and composition in women in UK Biobank

Cited by 57 publications

References 33 publications

Are exposures to ready-to-eat food environments associated with type 2 diabetes? A cross-sectional study of 347 551 UK Biobank adult participants

Are exposures to ready-to-eat food environments associated with type 2 diabetes? A cross-sectional study of 347 551 UK Biobank adult participants

Association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality: prospective cohort study

Reduced Physical Activity Patterns In Patients With Thalassemia Compared To Healthy Controls

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