Physical activity in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Overview updated

Alves, Alberto Jorge; Viana, João L.; Cavalcante, Suiane; Oliveira, Nórton Luís; Duarte, José Alberto; Mota, Jorge; Oliveira, José Gerardo; Ribeiro, Fernando

doi:10.4330/wjc.v8.i10.575

Cited by 154 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…A meta‐analysis of 15 prospective cohort and case–control studies in 173 146 participants showed that active commuting involving walking and cycling was associated with an overall 11% reduction in CVD risk 4. Furthermore, exercise as a part of cardiac rehabilitation is a key component for secondary prevention of CVD and the recurrence of MI 5, 6. Physical activity can improve strength and cardiovascular fitness and induce beneficial changes in cardiometabolic risk factors that are independent of mere body weight reduction 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Leisure‐Time and Transport‐Related Physical Activities on the Risk of Incident and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction and Interaction With Traffic‐Related Air Pollution: A Cohort Study

Kubesch

Jørgensen

Hoffmann

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundPhysical activity enhances the uptake of air pollutants, possibly reducing its beneficial effects. We examined the effects of leisure‐time and transport‐related physical activities on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), and whether potential benefits on MI are reduced by exposure to traffic‐related air pollution.Methods and ResultsA group of 57 053 participants (50–65 years of age) from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort reported physical activity at baseline (1993–1997) and were linked to registry data on hospital contacts and out‐of‐hospital deaths caused by MI, until December 2015. Nitrogen dioxide levels were estimated at participants’ baseline residences. We used Cox regressions to associate participation in sports, cycling, walking, and gardening with incident and recurrent MI, and tested for interaction by nitrogen dioxide. Of 50 635 participants without MI at baseline, 2936 developed incident MI, and of 1233 participants with MI before baseline, 324 had recurring MI during follow‐up. Mean nitrogen dioxide concentration was 18.7 μg/m3 at baseline (1993–1997). We found inverse statistically significant associations between participation in sports (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 0.85; 0.79–0.92), cycling (0.91; 0.84–0.98), gardening (0.87; 0.80–0.95), and incident MI, while the association with walking was statistically nonsignificant (0.95; 0.83–1.08). Recurrent MI was statistically nonsignificantly inversely associated with cycling (0.80; 0.63–1.02), walking (0.82, 0.57–1.16), and gardening (0.91; 0.71–1.18), and positively with sports (1.06; 0.83–1.35). There was no effect modification of the associations between physical activity and MI by nitrogen dioxide.ConclusionsBenefits of physical activity on both the incidence and the recurrence of MI are not reduced by exposure to high levels of air pollution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Leisure‐Time and Transport‐Related Physical Activities on the Risk of Incident and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction and Interaction With Traffic‐Related Air Pollution: A Cohort Study

Kubesch

Jørgensen

Hoffmann

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…In the foreign literature, the issues of pro-health physical activity also comprise the object of numerous studies (Alves et al, 2016;Blair, Kohl, Gordom, Paffenbarger, 1992;Both, 2000;Hupin et. al., 2016;Parsons et al, 2016;Vasconcelos, Cardozo, Lucchetti, Lucchett, 2016;Hart, 2016).…”

Section: Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Physical Activity in the Process of Successful Ageing - An Overview

Kuska

2018

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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Rising life expectancy of the populations living in highly developed countries has been observed over recent decades.The number of people worldwide above the age of 60 is increasing at an unprecedented pace. The purpose of the study was to determine the significance of physical activity of older people in the process of successful ageing. Research methods. This article is a review of Polish and foreign studies considering the relationship between physical activity and successful ageing. The elaboration refers to the results of surveys published in the reviewed scientific journals including empirical studies mainly based on diagnostic survey. Study results. A thorough analysis identified three parts: the concept of successful ageing, the relationship between physical activity and health, and physical activity of older persons in Poland compared to their counterparts abroad. A review of the literature and documents has revealed that one of the main factors affecting successful ageing is physical activity. Conclusions. Physical activity and successful ageing are different in the assessed communities. Thus, it is necessary to monitor physical activity of older people in the context of successful ageing -in order to provide conducive circumstances to activating this social group and thus reducing social security cost.

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“…Consistent evidence suggests moderate-to-vigorous physical activity decreases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (Alves et al, 2016;Li & Siegrist, 2012;Palmefors, DuttaRoy, Rundqvist, & B€ orjesson, 2014) and can improve subclinical atherosclerosis (National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute, 2012). Importantly, there is evidence that physical activity (PA) during adolescence, independent of adult PA, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.…”

Section: Statement Of Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illness Risk Representation beliefs underlying adolescents’ cardiovascular disease risk appraisals and the preventative role of physical activity

Newby

Varnes

Yorke

et al. 2019

British J Health Psychol

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Objectives The primary aim was to explore adolescents’ cardiovascular disease risk appraisals and establish whether they understood the preventative role of physical activity (PA). The secondary aim was to examine whether adolescents’ cardiovascular disease risk appraisal fitted with the Illness Risk Representations (IRR) framework. Design Qualitative. Methods Thirty‐one adolescents aged between 13 and 15 years participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis. Results Knowledge of lifestyle behaviours contributing to cardiovascular disease was good. Participants reflected on their current (or expected future) patterns of these behaviours when making judgements about lifetime risk. They struggled however to explain how different health behaviours, including PA, affected the development of the disease. Cardiovascular disease was viewed as potentially fatal, but participants had only a superficial understanding of the consequences of, or treatments for, the disease. The IRR framework, as proposed by Cameron (2003, https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/research/theories_project/cameron.pdf), largely captured the way in which adolescents’ made judgements about their risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions The findings suggest that adolescents are underestimating their risk of cardiovascular disease due to unhelpful beliefs. Interventions should: provide clear and simple explanations of how different health behaviours contribute to cardiovascular risk, highlight discrepancies that exist between current levels of preventative behaviour and that required to confer a protective effect, expose the false belief that a lack of PA in early life can be compensated for in later adulthood, and aid understanding of the true impact that the disease and its treatment could have of health and quality of life outcomes. What is already known on this subject? Physical activity (PA) throughout one's lifetime can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The majority of adolescents’ do not meet the recommended levels of PA. Changing beliefs about the risk of cardiovascular disease might be a useful strategy to motivate engagement in PA. What does this study add? An increased understanding of adolescents’ knowledge of cardiovascular disease and the link with PA. Identification of strategies to change adolescents’ risk perceptions of cardiovascular disease in ways that could motivate PA. Evidence to support the Illness Risk Representation framework.

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Physical activity in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Overview updated

Cited by 154 publications

References 90 publications

Effects of Leisure‐Time and Transport‐Related Physical Activities on the Risk of Incident and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction and Interaction With Traffic‐Related Air Pollution: A Cohort Study

Effects of Leisure‐Time and Transport‐Related Physical Activities on the Risk of Incident and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction and Interaction With Traffic‐Related Air Pollution: A Cohort Study

The Importance of Physical Activity in the Process of Successful Ageing - An Overview

Illness Risk Representation beliefs underlying adolescents’ cardiovascular disease risk appraisals and the preventative role of physical activity

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