Physical activity and prevalence and incidence of mental disorders in adolescents and young adults

Abstract

Background. Although positive effects of physical activity on mental health indicators have been reported, the relationship between physical activity and the development of specific mental disorders is unclear.

Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Predispose Youth to Accelerated Atherosclerosis and Early Cardiovascular Disease

“…190 In contrast, in a German population study, regular physical activity among adolescents and young adults predicted an increased incidence of BD at prospective follow-up. 191 However, the extent to which sedentary behavior influences the relationship between depression and CVD is not yet clear.…”

Exercise during early, but not late abstinence, attenuates subsequent relapse vulnerability in a rat model

“…33 The rats assigned to an exercise group were given access to a running wheel for 2 h per day with sessions beginning between 0900 and 1100 h. We have previously shown that this wheel-running session length (2 h per day) effectively blocks the development of the incubation effect when available throughout abstinence. [15][16][17] The sessions were conducted daily during early (days 1-7), late (days [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] or throughout abstinence (days [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The rats in the sedentary group were also given access to a wheel for 2 h per day throughout abstinence; however, the wheel was locked at all times (as a control for environmental enrichment).…”

“…Epidemiological studies have long reported negative associations between levels of physical activity and illicit drug use. 4,5 There are also many anecdotal reports suggesting that people in recovery turn to exercise to help maintain abstinence. Exercise has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression and measures of anxiety, and to enhance cognition, 6,7 factors known to contribute to drug relapse.…”

“…We also compared the effects of early or late exercise to the effects of access to a locked or unlocked wheel throughout abstinence (days [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. On the basis of the neurobiological data, 29,33,38 we predicted that exercise during early abstinence would cause a greater decrease in cocaine seeking as compared with exercise during late abstinence.…”

The Efficacy of Exercise to Attenuate Cocaine Relapse is Associated with Changes in Bdnf and Altered by Sex and Estrous Cycle Phase.

“…While few studies have examined the efficacy of exercise in this population, epidemiological data have demonstrated lower levels of illicit drug use among more physically active individuals as compared to more sedentary individuals (Ströhle et al 2007;Kirkcaldy et al 2002;Kulig et al 2003). Controlled studies in drug-dependent individuals, including cocaine dependent individuals, have shown that regular physical activity or exercise provided either alone or in conjunction with behavioral therapy, improves treatment outcomes (Berg et al 2012;Brown et al 2010).…”