Phylogeography of Sodreaninae harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae): Insights into the biogeography of the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Systematics and phylogeography of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest endemic harvestmenNeosadocusMello-Leitão, 1926 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)

“…Most haplotypes are geographically restricted to a single location, and the few exceptions are shared among close locations (Fig 14), a result that matches the high genetic distances and φ ST values. This pattern is similar to those reported for other Atlantic Forest harvestmen [21–23]. Tropical harvestmen, with the exception of some members of the suborder Eupnoi [93], have low vagility - a rare case among arthropods of similar size [3, 5, 6].…”

“…A variety of groups exhibit genetic disjunctions that are geographically similar to Neosadocus around the Continental Rift of Southeastern Brazil, as birds [79–81], mammals [82], amphibians [83–86], snakes [87], insects [88, 89], and planarians [90]. However, the breaks observed in this study are considerably older than the divergences reported for most taxa, a pattern already observed for other co-distributed harvestmen [21–23]. This time-scale heterogeneity reveals that the evolution of the Atlantic Forest biota is complex and cannot be attributed to a single process; rather, it is more reasonable that multiple historical barriers arose reiteratively in a same region.…”

“…Using analyses of endemicity and a cladistic biogeography framework, DaSilva et al (2015,2017) [7,20] proposed that possible barriers such as large rivers, mountain ranges and disruptions in forest physiognomy might have influenced the past and present regionalization of the biota. This hypothesis, corroborated by a time-calibrated molecular phylogenetic and phylogeographic data [21][22][23], indicates that the biological attributes and restricted species' ranges (restricted to the most humid portions of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest) of Neotropical harvestmen make them suitable for biogeographical investigations [24].…”

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Mischonyx Bertkau, 1880, with taxonomic changes and new species descriptions (Opiliones: Gonylepitdae: Gonyleptinae)

“…However, more studies regarding this species biology (and more comparative studies as (Bragagnolo et al, 2015;Peres et al, 2017;Peres et al, 2019), carbamoylphosphate synthetase 2 (Peres et al, 2017;Peres et al, 2019) histone H3 gene (Peres et al, 2017;Peres et al, 2019) Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I coding gene (Bragagnolo et al, 2015;Peres et al, 2017;Peres et al, 2019). Therefore, making phylogeographyic analysis in the future is facilitated.…”

“…Although these publications used both molecular and morphological evidence, most phylogenetic works for harvestmen published in 2000's used whether molecular (Bragagnolo, 2015;Clouse et al, 2010;Giribet et al, 2010;Pinto-da-Rocha et al, 2014;Sharma & Giribet, 2009, 2011 or morphology (Bragagnolo & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2009;Da Silva & Gnaspini, 2010;Mendes, 2011;Da Silva & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2010;Pinto-da-Rocha & Bragagnolo, 2011) to support relationship hypothesis. Specifically for Gonyleptidae family, there are few phylogenetic hypothesis using molecular data (Bragagnolo, 2015;Peres et al, 2019;Pinto-da-Rocha et al, 2014) and they are restricted to subfamilies or less inclusive clades.…”