Phylogeny of the Pacific Trouts and Salmons (Oncorhynchus) and Genera of the Family Salmonidae

Relationships of Lower Euteleostean Fishes

“…10); elsewhere, ethmoid ossification is generally reduced. Apart from lateral ethmoids, there is no endoskeletal ethmoid ossification in opisthoproctids, retropinnids (McDowall, 1969), salangids (Roberts, 1984), and most salmonids (Stearley and Smith, 1993). Coregonids and osmerids are unusual in having the supraethmoid and dermethmoid separate, not fused.…”

“…Klyukanov (1970) took this condition to be primitive, but comparison with outgroups (e.g., retropinnids and salmonoids) shows that it is derived. Closure of the fontanelles occurs as a derived state in a subgroup of Oncorhynchus (Stearley and Smith, 1993, character 1, where Thaleichthys is wrongly coded).…”

“…zebratus, G. maculatus, G. occidentalis, G. paucispondylus, Galaxiella, Neochanna apoda, and Paragalaxias dissimilis, although they may develop in larger individuals of species in which the ligament is double; pegs are absent in dried skeletons of G. maculatus and G. platei but present in G. fasciatus. Variability means that the character must be entered "B" in the matrix (Begle's coding for polymorphic taxa), making it empty if polymorphism for (0) and (1) Stearley and Smith (1993), or state (1), as in salmonines. Stearley and Smith (1993, p. 19) listed the tripartite condyle as a character of Salmonidae (including coregonines) and coded it as present in the coregonine Prosopium and in Thymallus.…”

“…7B). According to Stearley and Smith's (1993) cladogram, the neoteleostean type of condyle (e.g., Rosen, 1985, fig. 3) is therefore synapomorphous for Salmoninae.…”

“…State (2) also in all sampled argentinoids and alepocephaloids, which were wrongly coded (0) in Begle, 1991. ] Esocoids and salmonoids, which lack endopterygoid teeth, are both wrongly coded (0) (Stearley and Smith, 1993, also wrongly code Novumbra as having endopterygoid teeth). Endopterygoid teeth, coded by Begle as absent in all Alepocephaloidea, are present in almost all platytroctids (Matsui and Rosenblatt, 1987, table 1), in pattern (1) (Sazonov, 1986, figs.…”