Phylogeny of the Cyphomandra clade of the genus Solanum (Solanaceae) based on ITS sequence data

Abstract

About 13 major clades can be recognized within the genus Solanum (Solanaceae) based on chloroplast DNA sequence data. One of these is the Cyphomandra clade, which includes about 50 neotropical species. These have traditionally been placed into two or three sections: S. section Pachyphylla (formerly recognized as the genus Cyphomandra), S. section Cyphomandropsis, and S. section Glaucophyllum (monotypic and sometimes placed in S. section Cyphomandropsis). Phylogenetic relationships among 61 accessions of 35 species of the Cyphomandra clade are investigated using sequence data from the nuclear ITS region analyzed by parsimony and Bayesian inference. The Cyphomandra clade forms a monophyletic group, but the ITS data are equivocal as to the monophyly of sections Pachyphylla and Cyphomandropsis. Four well‐supported groups of species can be recognized within the Cyphomandra clade; these conform in part to species groups proposed on the basis of morphology. The distribution of self‐incompatible and self‐compatible breeding systems is mapped onto the ITS cladogram, and patterns of evolution of enlarged anther connectives, osmophores, and volatile composition are discussed in light of hypothesized phylogenetic relationships.

Karyotype analysis in two species ofSolanum(Solanaceae) Sect.Cyphomandropsisbased on chromosome banding

“…Solanum fusiforme is an enigmatic taxon whose affinities are not well understood on the basis of morphology. Molecular data suggest that S. fusiforme is sister to other species of the Cyphomandra clade, but its position has not been resolved to date (Bohs 2007). The karyotypic characterisation obtained here supports the relationship of S. fusiforme with species of section Cyphomandropsis.…”

“…In the remaining Cyphomandra species of the section Pachyphylla that were analysed with Cbanding, terminal bands have been found to be much more frequent (Pringle & Murray 1993). Solanum stuckertii and S. luteoalbum have similar karyotypes, they are morphologically cohesive and molecular data support them in the same clade (Bohs 2007). Solanum fusiforme is an enigmatic taxon whose affinities are not well understood on the basis of morphology.…”

Variation among tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) accessions from different cultivar groups: implications for conservation of genetic resources and breeding

“…The taxonomy, biosystematics, phylogeny, and ethnobotany of tree tomato and its wild relatives have been extensively studied by Bohs (1989aBohs ( , 1989bBohs ( , 1991Bohs ( , 1994Bohs ( , 1995Bohs ( , 2001Bohs ( , 2007 and co-workers (Bohs and Nelson 1997;Bohs and Olmstead 1997;Weese and Bohs 2007). However, very little research on the diversity and characterization of genetic resources of S. betaceum has been published (Enciso-Rodríguez et al 2010).…”

Classification and phylogenetic relationships in Solanum section Lycopersicon based on AFLP and two nuclear gene sequences

“…Solanaceae contains between 3,000 and 4,000 species in about 90 genera (Knapp et al 2004), the largest of which is Solanum L., with an estimated 1,500 species (Bohs 2007), almost half the diversity of the family. Within this genus, section Lycopersicon (Mill.)…”