Phylogeny, Neoteny and Growth of the Cranial Base in Hominoids

Dean, MC; Wood, Bernard

doi:10.1159/000156177

Cited by 171 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Past studies have shown that, across extant adult primates, different regions of the brain follow distinct volumetric scaling trajectories (e.g., Stephan et al, 1981Stephan et al, , 1984Frahm et al, 1982Frahm et al, , 1998Baron et al, 1987Baron et al, , 1988Baron et al, , 1990 and that these trends are associated with interspecific variations in basicranial angulation (Dean and Wood, 1984;Strait, 1999). In particular, it has been shown that increases of cerebral volume over brain-stem volume are significantly correlated with cranial base flexion (Lieberman et al, 2000).…”

Section: Differential Encephalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It forms the boundary between several cranial regions, including the brain, upper airway, and other skeletal parts of the head and proximal spine. Moreover, the basicranium grows and interacts with these functionally important regions throughout ontogeny and phylogeny (Enlow and McNamara, 1973;Moss, 1975a;Burdi, 1976;Enlow, 1976;Moss et al, 1982;Dean and Wood, 1984;De Beer, 1985;Hoyte, 1991;Ricciardelli, 1995;Lieberman et al, 2000;Ranly, 2000;Niesen, 2002). The primary goal of this study is to test the idea that there is a link, during ontogeny, between the brain and the cranial base such that changes in size and shape in one necessitate changes in the other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain expansion and comparative prenatal ontogeny of the non-hominoid primate cranial base

Jeffery

2003

Journal of Human Evolution

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The basicranium is the keystone of the primate skull, and understanding its morphological interdependence on surrounding soft-tissue structures, such as the brain, can reveal important mechanisms of skull development and evolution. In particular, several extensive investigations have shown that, across extant adult primates, the degree of basicranial flexion and petrous orientation are closely linked to increases in brain size relative to cranial base length. The aim of this study was to determine if an equivalent link exists during prenatal life. Specific hypotheses tested included the idea that increases in relative endocranial size (IRE5), relative infratentorial size (RIE), and differential encephalization (IDE) determine the degree of basicranial flexion and coronal petrous reorientation during nonhominoid primate fetal development. Cross-sectional fetal samples of Alouatta caraya (n=17) and Macaca nemestrina (n=24) were imaged using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (hrMRI). Cranial base angles (CBA), petrous orientations (IPA), base lengths, and endocranial volumes were measured from the images. Findings for both samples showed retroflexion, or flattening, of the cranial base and coronal petrous reorientation as well as considerable increases in absolute and relative brain sizes. Although significant correlations of both IRE5 and RIE were observed against CBA and IPA, the correlation with CBA was in the opposite direction to that predicted by the hypotheses. Variations of IDE were not significantly correlated with either angle. Correlations of IPA with IRE5 and RIE appeared to support the hypotheses. However, partial coefficients computed for all significant correlations indicated that changes to the fetal non-hominoid primate cranial base were more closely related to increases in body size than the hypothesized influence of relative brain enlargement. These findings were discussed together with those from a previous study of modern human fetuses.

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Section: Differential Encephalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain expansion and comparative prenatal ontogeny of the non-hominoid primate cranial base

Jeffery

2003

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…Undoubtedly, growth occurs along all three dimensions. For exam- temporosphenoid suture at crest [rTSC] temporosphenoid suture at crest [ITSC] ple, considerable growth along the mediolatera1 axis of the basicranium has been recently demonstrated in apes and Cebus apella (Corner, 1988;Corner and Richtsmeier, 1991;Dean and Wood, 1984;Shea, 1982). Because we are examining growth changes in three dimensions, we are not subject to the same data constraints as studies based on 2D data.…”

Section: Predictions Of Squirrel Monkey Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial growth in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus): A quantitative analysis using three dimensional coordinate data

Corner

Richtsmeier

1992

American J Phys Anthropol

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Improvements in data gathering technology have made it possible to quickly and accurately digitize large numbers of objects. The three dimensional coordinates of 44 homologous landmarks were obtained from a sample of 104 squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) crania. After sorting by sex, the crania were assigned to one of four dental age groups. Two quantitative methods, Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) and finite element scaling analysis (FESA), were used to study craniofacial form change during growth within each sex. Form differences between the sexes at each developmental age were also examined. Both sexes show a small amount of cranial growth overall; however, there are areas of substantial local growth. These areas include the anterior neurocranium and basicranium, the basioccipital, and the anterior palate. Sexual dimorphism in the craniofacial complex is minimal. The most dimorphic regions are the orbitonasal portion of the lower face, the cranial base, and the palate.

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“…5). The low amount of change local to these landmarks can be ascribed to the necessity of keeping the posterior part of the basicranium stable during growth due to the number of vital vessels and nerves that pass through it (Dean and Wood, 1984;Delattre and Fenart, 1960;Enlow, 1975).…”

Section: Growth Of the Basicraniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric analysis of craniofacial growth in Cebus apella

Corner

Richtsmeier

1991

American J Phys Anthropol

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The present study was undertaken to provide a quantitative description of craniofacial growth in Cebus apella in three dimensions. Landmarks from a cross-sectional sample of sexed and dentally aged crania were collected using a 3Space digitizer. Two methods of three-dimensional form analysis, euclidian distance matrix analysis (EDMA) and finite-element scaling analysis (FESA), were used to investigate growth changes in the cranium. Male and female growth was examined by comparing the youngest male mean form to all other age/sex specific mean forms. In addition, form differences between the sexes were studied by comparing male and female mean forms at each age. The cranium was divided into four regions for analysis: muzzle, upper face, neurocranium, and basicranium. Growth changes within each region were examined. In the muzzle and neurocranium, most growth occurs along the anteroposterior axis. Growth around pterion and the lower orbital rim is prominent within the upper face. The basicranium shows a surprisingly large amount of form change with growth. This form change is due to the mediolateral expansion of the basioccipital, and to the posterior migration and inferior rotation of basion. Males and females have similar growth patterns, but males tend to be larger than females in nearly all dimensions at every developmental age except the youngest. Evidence suggests that craniofacial sexual dimorphism is primarily due to males growing faster than females for approximately the same amount of time.

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Phylogeny, Neoteny and Growth of the Cranial Base in Hominoids

Cited by 171 publications

References 24 publications

Brain expansion and comparative prenatal ontogeny of the non-hominoid primate cranial base

Brain expansion and comparative prenatal ontogeny of the non-hominoid primate cranial base

Cranial growth in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus): A quantitative analysis using three dimensional coordinate data

Morphometric analysis of craniofacial growth in Cebus apella

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