Phylogeny and functional characterization of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in Phryma leptostachya

Li, Yankai; Wang, Rui; Pei, Yakun; Yu, Wenwen; Wu, Wenjun; Li, Ding; Hu, Zhaonong

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.063

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These are key genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. CCR is the first rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of lignin-specific pathways, while CAD catalyzes the final step of monolignol biosynthesis [ 34 , 35 ]. We speculate that the protein expression levels or activities of these two enzymes may change significantly during enlargement of the S. kwangsiensis bulbous stem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into regulation mechanisms during bulbous stem development in the Chinese medicinal herb plant, Stephania kwangsiensis

Huang,

Wei,

Huang

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Stephania kwangsiensis Lo (Menispermaceae) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine, and its bulbous stems are used medicinally. The storage stem of S. kwangsiensis originated from the hypocotyls. To date, there are no reports on the growth and development of S. kwangsiensis storage stems. Results The bulbous stem of S. kwangsiensis, the starch diameter was larger at the stable expanding stage (S3T) than at the unexpanded stage (S1T) or the rapidly expanding stage (S2T) at the three different time points. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and Illumina sequencing to identify key genes involved in bulbous stem development. A large number of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Based on the differential expression profiles of the metabolites, alkaloids, lipids, and phenolic acids were the top three differentially expressed classes. Compared with S2T, significant changes in plant signal transduction and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathways occurred at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels in S1T. In S2T compared with S3T, several metabolites involved in tyrosine metabolism were decreased. Temporal analysis of S1T to S3T indicated the downregulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, including lignin biosynthesis. The annotation of key pathways showed an up-down trend for genes and metabolites involved in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, whereas phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was not completely consistent. Conclusions Downregulation of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway may be the result of carbon flow into alkaloid synthesis and storage of lipids and starch during the development of S. kwangsiensis bulbous stems. A decrease in the number of metabolites involved in tyrosine metabolism may also lead to a decrease in the upstream substrates of phenylpropane biosynthesis. Downregulation of lignin synthesis during phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may loosen restrictions on bulbous stem expansion. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome profiles of S. kwangsiensis bulbous stems. These data provide guidance for the cultivation, breeding, and harvesting of S. kwangsiensis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into regulation mechanisms during bulbous stem development in the Chinese medicinal herb plant, Stephania kwangsiensis

Huang,

Wei,

Huang

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Interestingly, under salt stress treatment, the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) gene Os09g0399800, a DEG familiar to both GFD-2X and GFD-4X, was up-regulated in GFD-2X but down-regulated in GFD-4X. The specific function of this gene has not been investigated in rice, but CAD is known to catalyze monomeric lignin biosynthesis [53]. Previous studies have demonstrated that apple enhances tolerance to osmotic stress by promoting lignin deposition by regulating lignin biosynthesis-related genes [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Major Cell Wall Components and Associated Gene Expression in Autotetraploid and Its Donor Diploid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Blast and Salt Stress Conditions

Leng,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Plants

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Whole-genome duplication is a significant evolutionary mechanism in plants, with polyploid plants often displaying larger organs and enhanced adaptability to unfavorable conditions compared to their diploid counterparts. The cell wall acts as a primary defense for plant cells against external stresses, playing an essential role in the plant’s resistance to various stressors. In this study, we utilized both autotetraploid and its donor diploid rice (Oryza sativa L.) to analyze their phenotypic differences comparatively, the composition of key cell wall components, and the expression of related genes under normal conditions, as well as under stress from Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) and salt. Our findings indicated that autotetraploid rice exhibits significantly larger phenotypic characteristics under normal conditions than diploid rice. At the seedling stage, the lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin levels in autotetraploid rice were markedly lower than in diploid rice. Additionally, 24 genes associated with major cell wall components showed differential expression between diploid and tetraploid rice. At the filling stage, the lignin and pectin content in autotetraploid rice were significantly higher than in diploid rice, while the levels of cellulose and hemicellulose were notably lower. Under M. oryzae stress or salt stress, autotetraploid rice showed smaller lesion areas and less wilting than diploid rice. The increased lignin content in autotetraploid rice under M. oryzae stress suggested a stronger adaptive capacity to adverse conditions. Compared to salt stress, M. oryzae stress induced more differential expression of genes related to major cell wall components. In this study, we explored the differences in the major cell wall components of diploid and homologous tetraploid rice under various treatment conditions. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the cell wall’s adaptive mechanisms in autotetraploid rice when facing blast disease and salt stress, and it reveals the differential gene expression linked to these adaptive capabilities.

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“…A total of 14 and 24 CAD genes were identified in wild strawberry and cultivated strawberry, and CAD genes were related to strawberry firmness, and it may be involved in the formation of strawberry flavor traits [31]. There were eight CAD genes in Phryma leptostachya; its main members showed substrate preference [32]. A total of 31 and 25 CAD genes were identified in two mulberry cultivars (Morus notabilis and Fengchi) [33]; CADs exhibited various expression patterns in response to diverse stresses in mulberry [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Analysis of CAD Gene Family in Pomegranate (Punica granatum)

Zhang

et al. 2022

Genes

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[Objective] Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis. The aim of this study was to identify CAD gene family members in pomegranate and its expression correlation with seed hardness. [Methods] Based on the reported CAD sequence of Arabidopsis, the CAD gene family of pomegranate was identified by homologous comparison, and then phylogenetic, molecular characterization, and expression profile analysis were performed. [Results] Pomegranate CAD gene family has 25 members, distributed on seven chromosomes of pomegranate. All pomegranate CAD proteins have similar physical and chemical properties. We divide the family into four groups based on evolutionary relationships. The member of group I, called bona fide CAD, was involved in lignin synthesis. Most of the members of group II were involved in stress resistance. The functions of groups III and IV need to be explored. We found four duplicated modes (whole genome duplication or segmental (WGD), tandem duplication (TD), dispersed duplication (DSD), proximal duplication (PD) in this family; TD (36%) had the largest number of them. We predicted that 20 cis-acting elements were involved in lignin synthesis, stress resistance, and response to various hormones. Gene expression profiles further demonstrated that the PgCAD gene family had multiple functions. [Conclusions] Pomegranate CAD gene family is involved in lignin synthesis of hard-seeded cultivar Hongyushizi and Baiyushizi, but its role in seed hardness of soft-seeded cultivar Tunisia needs to be further studied.

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Phylogeny and functional characterization of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in Phryma leptostachya

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into regulation mechanisms during bulbous stem development in the Chinese medicinal herb plant, Stephania kwangsiensis

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into regulation mechanisms during bulbous stem development in the Chinese medicinal herb plant, Stephania kwangsiensis

A Comparative Analysis of Major Cell Wall Components and Associated Gene Expression in Autotetraploid and Its Donor Diploid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Blast and Salt Stress Conditions

Identification and Functional Analysis of CAD Gene Family in Pomegranate (Punica granatum)

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