Phylogenomic evidence for recombination of adenoviruses in wild gorillas

A Survey of Recent Adenoviral Respiratory Pathogens in Hong Kong Reveals Emergent and Recombinant Human Adenovirus Type 4 (HAdV-E4) Circulating in Civilian Populations

“…Consistent with this report, recombination has been reported in SAdVs [27,28] and cross-species transmissions between humans and non-human simians have been reported [28,29,30,31,32,33,34], including TMAdV across “two passages” of human hosts, with clinical manifestations [34], as well as seroprevalence of adenoviruses across species [29,32,33,34]. These support the hypothesis and data suggesting HAdV-E4 was of zoonotic origins [1,10].…”

Genomics‐based re‐examination of the taxonomy and phylogeny of human and simian Mastadenoviruses: an evolving whole genomes approach, revealing putative zoonosis, anthroponosis, and amphizoonosis

“…1, each of these species designations may include both HAdVs and SAdVs within the same clade, rather than the previous arbitrary separation and designation of species for each (Harrach et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2011b;Roy et al, 2012;Chiu et al, 2013;Malouli et al, 2014;Panto et al, 2015;Dadakova et al, 2017). This observation is consistent with recent reports of and analyses incorporating additional SAdV genomes (Roy et al, 2009;Wevers et al, 2010;Wevers et al, 2011;Pauly et al, 2015;Hoppe et al, 2015a;Hoppe et al, 2015b).…”

“…Rather than being simply a basic biological research interest, SAdVs are increasingly recognized as important to human health from both an epidemiological perspective, e.g., zoonosis (Purkayastha et al, 2005a;Purkayastha et al, 2005b;Dehghan et al, 2013b), and a clinical applications perspective, e.g., gene delivery vectors (Graham and Prevec, 1992;Roy et al, 2004;Roy et al, 2006) and as oncolytic agents (Doronin and Shayakhmetov, 2012;Larson et al, 2015). Sequence recombination within the separate groups of HAdV and SAdV genomes has been reported as an important mechanism of adenovirus evolution, leading to novel and emergent viruses and pathogens (Walsh et al, 2009;Walsh et al, 2010;Robinson et al, 2011;Robinson et al, 2013;Hoppe et al, 2015b). Surprisingly, genome recombination between HAdVs and SAdVs has also been reported, suggesting zoonosis and anthroponosis (Dehghan et al, 2013a;Dehghan et al, 2019), along with complementing reports of cross-species viral transmissions between humans and other simians that elicited neutralizing antibodies in both (Xiang et al, 2006;Roy et al, 2009;Ersching et al, 2010;Wevers et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2011b;Chiu et al, 2013;Pauly et al, 2015;Hoppe et al, 2015a).…”

Non-Human Primate-Derived Adenoviruses for Future Use as Oncolytic Agents?

“…More importantly, these regions could be exchanged independent of one another, regardless of their intergenic relations. We and others have also observed the E3 region as a highly variable region with sequence identity percentages well below those observed for the major capsid proteins [ 22 , 24 ]. This is especially interesting, as the E3 region is involved in the modulation of the host’s cellular immune responses.…”

“…Hence, the authors suggested that HAdV-B3 had arisen from a recombination between HAdV-B7 and SAdV-B32. In addition, dissimilar relationships between human- and NHP-derived HAdV-B viruses concerning the major capsid proteins (hexon, fiber, and penton-base) as well as pVII-pVI demonstrated extensive recombination events in the past between these viruses [ 24 ]. Recently, a human-derived adenovirus (HAdV-B76) was shown to be the derivative of a recombination between three adenoviruses that originated from human, chimpanzee, and bonobo [ 20 ].…”